Q: Discuss the role that inertia plays in the physiology of the vestibular apparatus. Why is there no…
A: Ear is categorized as sensory organ that is related with functions of the hearing and for…
Q: The motor system is organized differently in the spiral cord compared to the cortex. Choose the…
A: The nervous system is one of the vital systems of a body. It is a system of nerves which carry…
Q: You've been appointed as the head neuroscientist for the National Pokemon Research Center! You've…
A: The question is basicly based on the presence of the nerves inside the tail and the receptors on tge…
Q: Santiago is a biopsychologist who is planning a study on the biopsychology of reading. For which of…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Suppose axon A enters a ganglion (cluster of neurons) and axon B leaves on the other side. Shortly…
A: A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system of the Human Nervous…
Q: Our brain receives more action potentials when our eyes are exposed to light even though our…
A: Humans have the largest complex vital organ called as brain covered by the skull which is the major…
Q: Explain the meaning and relevance of a sensory neuron’s receptive field?
A: The sensory neuron is a nerve cell and detects external signals. These receive information through…
Q: We discussed three principles with regards to the sensory cortex (mechanisms of perception), with…
A: Somatosensory system is a division of sensory nervous system. It has neural pathways and sensory…
Q: Briefly describe three methods of “closing the gate” and reduc-ing pain.
A: Pain referred to as an unpleasant feeling which can be mild to very severe and occurs in the body…
Q: What is the difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Provide…
A: Stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalisation are two types of classical conditioned…
Q: This question asks you about a typical neuron and NOT photoreceptors. As stimulus intensity is…
A: 1. This question asks you about a typical neuron and NOT photoreceptors. As stimulus intensity is…
Q: Describe the phenomenon of lateral inhibition? How is important?
A: it is a phenomenon related to neurons and the signals the brain received.
Q: A motor neuron in the spinal cord typically receives input from neurons that originate in several…
A: There are approximately 86 billion electrically excitable neurons in the human brain. Based on the…
Q: Imagine you have obtained extracellular single-unit recordings from a simple cell in V1 and mapped…
A: Receptive field:- it represents usually sensory space where the stimuli can change the electrical…
Q: Which of the following appropriately describes the "Specificity Theory" of nociceptors? All sensory…
A: There are many theories of pain that have evolved over time. The theory of specificity is one of the…
Q: Compare and contrast somatosensation and pain pathways.
A: In our body, there are a great deal of receptors that initiate the overall activity of the body.…
Q: How does the frequency of action potentials in the primary sensory neuron code for stimulus…
A: The nerves are the functional unit of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses from the…
Q: Define sensory localization. Why would the error distance tend to decrease with successive trials?
A: Sensory localization is one of the highly developed abilities of animals and other human beings.
Q: Which sensory processing principle listed below best explains why we detect heat sensation when…
A: Sensory perception refers to an individual or organism's ability to process stimuli in their…
Q: Trace the the sensory neuron path found in the spinothalamic tract. Where does each neuron in this…
A: The spinothalamic tract is the ascending tract of the spinal cord which is a sensory pathway to the…
Q: To what extent is speech production and perception found to correspond to specific cortical loci in…
A: Speech perception and development are the processes by which people process basic linguistic units…
Q: a) What channels are open at 3 if this was recorded on the axon of a sensory neuron? 1. K+ voltage…
A: The term action potential refers to the electrical form of signals which are used for the…
Q: "Hebb's Rule" says, in effect, that a neuron that is repeatedly activated will have an…
A: Donald Hebb suggested the Hebb's law postulate in 1949 [1]. It's a learning rule that explains how…
Q: In the process of sensory coding Recruitment of additional neurons occurs with a weak stimulus…
A: The third statement about the lateral inhibition of neighboring receptors is correct regarding the…
Q: Why can a greater-than-normal stimulus trigger an AP during the relative refractory period but not…
A: Our brain sends and receives information in the form of electrical signals. These electrical signals…
Q: "Which of the following would most likely result from placing cold water in the left external…
A: Nystagmus is a rapid, side-to-side involuntary eye movement caused by a change in the temperature of…
Q: Explain why a stimulus to a neuron that has a small receptive field can be located more precisely…
A: The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system, which is made up of neurons and…
Q: The animal in the image below has 22 spikey appendages radiating from its nose that help it search…
A: The explanation is given below.
Q: The concept of “labeled lines” states that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular…
A: The sensory receptors present on the sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose etc) that receive a particular…
Q: What is the most important environmental cue for the entrainment ofcircadian rhythms?
A: The body's internal clock is made up of 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms which work in the…
Q: Pain Undergoes little, if any, sensory adaptation. Why do you think this is so important?
A: Pain is an overall term that depicts awkward sensations in the body. It comes from the actuation of…
Q: pin can be pressed against the skin lightly and elicit no response from the pain receptor. However,…
A: An action potential is called an impulse. Its generation depends on opening and closing of…
Q: The short period of time when the nerve is not responsive to stimuli it’s termed the: A.…
A: Nerve has just two period Resting period and Refractory period. Resting period is the time when no…
Q: If a monkey is trained to grab and squeeze a squeaky ball, when would mirror neurons fire? (Select…
A: Neurons can be defined as the functional unit of the nervous system. It delivers messages from the…
Q: In a few sentences, explain how the property of synaptic plasticity makes it viable candidate for…
A: Our ability to remember and our ability to forget–and the precarious balance between these opposing…
Q: What channels are open at 3 if this was recorded on the axon of a sensory neuron? Check all that…
A: The neurons or nerve cells have the capacity to conduct electricity in the form of action potential.…
Q: Which of the following limits the potential of an individual neuron to encode the frequency of a…
A: Option A
Q: Anne Triesman's version of the filter theory_______________. a. irrelevant information is…
A: Hearing, or auditory perception can be defined as the ability to perceive the sounds by detecting…
Q: Signal detection theory suggests that deciding whether a stimulus is present depends partly on the…
A: Signal detection theory is a means to measure the ability to differentiate between…
Q: What is the mechanism used by the central nervous system to resolve the inconsistency inherent…
A: The sensory receptors are epidermal cells that act as transducers converting the stimuli into…
Q: An example of a sensory neuron is one that leads from a pain receptor in the finger to the spinal…
A: When we feel pain, such as when we touch a hot stove, sensory receptors in our skin send a message…
Q: What are some general similarities in how receptive fields are represented by the nervous system?…
A: The receptive field is a region in the sensory periphery that is influenced by a stimulus that…
Q: Auditory information is processed initially by which lobe of the cerebral cortex? a. temporal…
A: Auditory information is processed initially by temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex. The auditory…
Q: Applying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a…
A: The nervous system is a complicated biological part made up of a network of many nerves. Signal…
We know that short term habituation is due to changes in the presynaptic sensory neuron. What possible changes could explain the results of Kandel’s experiment? Which possibility currently has the most experimental support?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Discuss the early and late associative effects in the cellular processes of neurons that occur as a consequence of classical conditioning.Your current LTP experimental protocol is as follows: - Isolate a ‘silent synapse’ with only NMDA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. - Induce LTP via low frequency presynaptic stimulation coupled with postsynaptic depolarization. You’re able to verify that the synapse has been potentiated, as there are now strong post-synaptic responses to presynaptic stimulation. But you’re unable to prove conclusively that this change was AMPA receptor-mediated. Explain how you will design an experiment to monitor the trafficking of AMPA receptors into the membrane during LTP using the electrophysiological tag, and how this technique works. Explain how your method utilizes 1) Visualization and 2) Electrophysiological recordings to quantify trafficking of AMPA receptors. Provide an example of how electrophysiological data can be interpreted support the hypothesis that LTP induction leads to the trafficking of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic site.An effector neuron is a motor neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or gland).In an experiment, it was determined that the effector neuron for muscle fibre 1 had a threshold level of –5 mV. The effector neuron for muscle fibre 2 had a threshold level of –16 mV. An electrical probe was used to stimulate these two effector neurons of the muscle fibres. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the reaction of each muscle fibre based on the applied stimulus voltage? Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Relaxed Contracted b. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –20 mV Contracted Relaxed c. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Contracted Relaxed d. Stimulus Voltage Muscle Fibre 1 Muscle Fibre 2 –10 mV Relaxed Contracted
- When expert pianists listen to familiar, well-practiced music, they imagine the finger movements, and the finger area of their motor cortex becomes active, even if they are not moving their fingers (Haueisen & Knösche, 2001). If we regard those neurons as another kind of mirror neuron, what do these results imply about the origin of mirror neurons?If a geneticist were to genetically modify a mouse strain that shows reduced calcium channel activity in presynaptic terminals and they were to measure the synaptic facilitation from these synapses, what would they expect to find? Would he expect an increased or decreased paired pulse ratio compared to one recorded from synapses of wild-type animals? Why is this the case?Single cell recordings in the dorsal stream (parietal areas) tell us about the mechanisms involved in action control. All of the following is true, EXCEPT: a. All listed here are correct b. Neurons in different parietal areas support the link between gaze-centered neurons area to the body-centered neurons c. Some neurons signal whether to move eyes and some neurons signal whether to move hands d. Some neurons in the anterior intraparietal area respond to 3D shapes that vary in size/orientation, but not to 2D shapes e. Some neurons respond based on the position of an object in relation to the hand f. Neurons in the parietal cortex are allocentric and they exhibit activity that reflects learned movements
- You identify a new neuron in the fruit fly's brain and find it contains acetylcholine. 1) Based on this identification, this neuron is (a) Excitatory, (b) Inhibitory, (c) Neither excitatory nor inhibitory, or (d) Either excitatory or inhibitory 2) Briefly explain your answer above. 3) How would you figure out your answer above? Briefly describe an experiment you would do. Edit Format TableIn the discussion section the authors wrote “In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.” a. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent? b.By what word or words do you know that your answer to the question is correct? c. Why did you choose this word or words as an answer to the question?Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration. After examining the image below, can you explain why brain cells have limited capacity for regeneration? Human Brain Cross Section. Rajalakshmi L Nair et al. Select one: a. Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. O b. Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter. c. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. d. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter.
- What was significant about Raisman and Field (1972) rat study on brain synapses?1.1 What would be the effect of blocking neurotransmitter degradation on neurotransmitter concentration at the synapse? 1.2You are studying an excitatory synapse that is not strong enough to evoke a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking neurotransmitter degradation? 1.3 ) You are studying an excitatory synapse that evokes a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels?The experiment that crossed the nerve from a muscle that had a short contraction time "a fast muscle" to a muscle with a slower contraction profile and from the slower muscle to the faster muscle demonstrated that the nerve or activity of the muscle had no effect on properties of the muscle fibers. a.) True b.) False