Review | Constants | Periodic Table (Figure 1) shows a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of two waves approaching each other at 1 m/s. Figure y (cm) at t=0 1 m/s 0 1 of 1 Choose a correct snapshot graph showing the string at t = 3 s. y (cm) 1 1 m/s 0 -2 −1 1 m/s -x (m) 6 8 10 x (m) y (cm) 1 1 m/s 2 4 6 8 10 1 m/s 0 T T -2 4 6 8 x (m) 10 1 m/s y (cm) 1 1 m/s x (m) 2 4 6 8 10 1 m/s -1- y (cm) 1- 0 2 4 6 -1- 1 m/s 1 m/s 8 x (m) 10

Review | Constants | Periodic Table (Figure 1) shows a snapshot graph at t = 0 s of two waves approaching each other at 1 m/s. Figure y (cm) at t=0 1 m/s 0 1 of 1 Choose a correct snapshot graph showing the string at t = 3 s. y (cm) 1 1 m/s 0 -2 −1 1 m/s -x (m) 6 8 10 x (m) y (cm) 1 1 m/s 2 4 6 8 10 1 m/s 0 T T -2 4 6 8 x (m) 10 1 m/s y (cm) 1 1 m/s x (m) 2 4 6 8 10 1 m/s -1- y (cm) 1- 0 2 4 6 -1- 1 m/s 1 m/s 8 x (m) 10

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter17: Sound Waves

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17.18P: A cowboy stands on horizontal ground between two parallel, vertical clifTs. He is not midway between...

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You are working for a plumber who is laying very long sections of copper pipe for a large building project. He spends a lot of time measuring the lengths of the sections with a measuring tape. You suggest a faster way to measure the length. You know that the speed of a one-dimensional compressional wave traveling along a copper pipe is 3.56 km/s. You suggest that a worker give a sharp hammer blow at one end of the pipe. Using an oscilloscope app on your smartphone, you will measure the time interval t between the arrival of the two sound waves due to the blow: one through the 20.0C air and the other through the pipe. (a) To measure the length, you must derive an equation that relates the length L of the pipe numerically to the time interval t. (b) You measure a time interval of t = 127 ms between the arrivals of the pulses and, from this value, determine the length of the pipe. (c) Your smartphone app claims an accuracy of 1.0% in measuring time intervals. So you calculate by how many centimeters your calculation of the length might be in error.
How can an object move with respect to an observer so that the sound from it is not shifted in frequency?
An ultrasonic tape measure uses frequencies above 20 MHz to determine dimensions of structures such as buildings. It does so by emitting a pulse of ultrasound into air and then measuring the time interval for an echo to return from a reflecting surface whose distance away is to be measured. The distance is displayed as a digital readout. For a tape measure that emits a pulse of ultrasound with a frequency of 22.0 MHz., (a) what is the distance to an object from which the echo pulse returns after 24.0 ms when the air temperature is 26C? (b) What should be the duration of the emitted pulse if it is to include ten cycles of the ultrasonic wave? (c) What is the spatial length of such a pulse?
A sound wave propagates in air at 27C with frequency 4.00 kHz. It passes through a region where the temperature gradually changes and then moves through air at 0C. Give numerical answers to the following questions to the extent possible and state your reasoning about what happens to the wave physically. (a) What happens to the speed of the wave? (b) What happens to its frequency? (c) What happens to its wavelength?
A train sounds its horn as it approaches an intersection. The horn can just be heard at a level of 50 dB by an observer 10 km away, (a) What is the average power generated by the horn? (b) What intensity level of the horn's sound is observed by someone waiting at an intersection 50 in from (lie train? Treat the horn as a point source and neglect any absorption of sound by the air.
When two waves interfere constructively or destructively, is there any gain or loss in energy in the system of the waves? Explain.
During a 4th of July celebration, an M80 firework explodes on the ground, producing a bright flash and a loud bang. The air temperature of the night air is TF=90.00F . Two observers see the flash and hear the bang. The first observer notes the time between the flash and the bang as 1.00 second. The second observer notes the difference as 3.00 seconds. The line of sight between the two observers meet at a right angle as shown below. What is the distance x between the two observers?
A diagnostic ultrasound echo is re?ected from moving blood and returns with a frequency 500 Hz higher than its original 2.00 MHZ. What is the velocity of the bleed? (Assume that the frequency of 2.00 MHz is accurate to seven significant figures and 500 Hz is accurate to three significant figures.)
A cowboy stands on horizontal ground between two parallel, vertical clifTs. He is not midway between the cliffs. Me fires a shot and hears its echoes. The second echo arrives 1.92 s after the first and 1.47 s before the third. Consider only the sound traveling parallel to the ground and reflecting from the cliffs, (a) What is the distance between the cliffs? (b) What If? If he can hear a fourth echo, how long after the third echo does it arrive?
How can you determine that the speed of sound is the same for all frequencies by listening to a band orchestra?
A tuning fork generates sound waves with a frequency of 246 Hz. The waves travel in opposite directions along a hallway, are reflected by end walls, and return. The hallway is 47.0 m long and the tuning fork is located 14.0 m from one end. What is the phase difference between the reflected waves when they meet at the tuning fork? The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.
(a) Seismographs measure the arrival times of earthquakes with a precision of 0.100 s. To get the distance to the epicenter of the quake, geologists compare the arrival times of S- and P-waves, which travel at different speeds. If S- and P-waves travel at 4.00 and 7.20 km/s, respectively, in the region considered, how precisely can the distance to the source of the earthquake be determined? (b) Seismic waves from underground detonations of nuclear bombs can be used to locate the test site and detect violations of test bans. Discuss whether your answer to (a) implies a serious limit to such detection. (Note also that the uncertainty is greater if there is an uncertainty in the propagation speeds of the S- and P-waves.)