Researchers are interested in the effectiveness of a new anti-retroviral medication at increasing 5 year survival for HIV infected persons with Hepatitis C. In order to test the efficacy of the new study drug, the researchers randomly assigned participants to receive either the new medication or a placebo. The following table summarizes preliminary results of the trial. Deceased Non-Deceased Total New Vaccine 55 84 139 Placebo 61 67 128 Total 116 151 267 A) Calculate the relative risk for mortality among those treated with the new vaccine versus the placebo. B) Interpret the relative risk measurement.
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- Researchers are interested in the effectiveness of a new anti-retroviral medication at increasing 5 year survival for HIV infected persons with Hepatitis C. In order to test the efficacy of the new study drug, the researchers randomly assigned participants to receive either the new medication or a placebo. The following table summarizes preliminary results of the trial.
|
Deceased |
Non-Deceased |
Total |
New Vaccine |
55 |
84 |
139 |
Placebo |
61 |
67 |
128 |
Total |
116 |
151 |
267 |
A) Calculate the relative risk for mortality among those treated with the new vaccine versus the placebo.
B) Interpret the relative risk measurement.
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- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and P2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
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- Kava is a beverage or extract that is made from Piper methysticum, a plant native to the western Pacific islands. Suppose that, in a randomized comparative experiment to determine if taking kava daily can reduce insomnia, a group of participants with insomnia were randomly assigned to take kava (treatment group) or a placebo (control group). After six weeks, the participants were interviewed to see if they experienced a decrease in insomnia. The table shows the results from the sample. The counts are the number of people in each group who experienced a decrease in insomnia. Group Description Population proportion Sample size Sample count Sample proportion 1 Treatment (kava) P1 n₁ = 402 x1 = 213 P₁ = 0.5299 2 Control (placebo) P2 n₂ = 521 x₂ = 121 P2 = 0.2322 Compute the standard error estimate, SE, of the difference in the sample proportions. Give your answer to at least four decimal places. 0.0438 SE = Incorrect Determine the value of the two-sample z-statistic for the difference in…The May 10, 2007 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine describes two large randomized, placebo-controlled trials of a vaccine for HPV-related cancer. HPV is human papillomavirus, the most common form of sexually transmitted infection. For the group of people who received the vaccine, the HPV-related cancer rate was much lower than for those who received a placebo. Which best describes the goal of this study?A recent study compared patients who developed a central venous catheter infection. the investigators then reviewed the medical history of each patient to determine possible risk factors for a central venous catheter infection. Which of the following best describes this study design? a. case series b. case-control study c. cohort study d. randomized controlled trial e. systemic review