*REQUIRED The diagram below shows two different possibilities for the arrangement of tetrads of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meisosis. Possibility 1 Possibility 2 xx XX XX XX This phenonemon that can give rise to increased genetic variation in gametes is known as: translation crossing over cell differentation Two equally probable arrangements at Metaphase I give rise to different chromosome combinations independent assortment

6) The plant Haplepoppus gracilis is diploid (2n = 4). Inside each cell (represented here by the oval) there are four total chromosomes: one long pair (represented by "A" and "a") and one short pair (represented by "B" and “b"). The following diagrams represent possible anaphases of this cell during meiosis or mitosis. The lines represent chromosomes/chromatids being pulled to either the north or south pole of the cell, and the vertex of each "V" represent the centromere which would be attached to kinetochore microtubules. For representative cells 1– 12, say if the diagram represents a cell in anaphase I of meiosis I, anaphase II of meiosis II, anaphase of mitosis, or shows an impossible situation. If the situation is impossible, explain why. い。 VA Vb VA VB VV. V b Va VB VAVA Vo VB ^^ ^ が VaVA Vo VB くs

in the experiment of following chromosomal dna mvement througgh meiosis, why. do you use non-sister chromatids to demobstrate crossing over? what combinatiobns of alleles could result from a crossover between BD and bd chromosomes? Identify two ways that meiosis contributes to genetic recombination. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cell?

Mutations in genes that affect meiosis have been identified in many different model organisms.  Most of these mutations result in aneuploidy of more than a single chromosome and are nearly sterile.  Explain why this is the case.