Regarding the trade-off theory, a firm would reach its optimal capital structure if the tax savings from additional leverage are offset by the increased costs of distress. the present value of the tax shield exceeds the value of the all-equity-financed firm. additional borrowing results in lower financial distress costs. additional borrowing is offset by the interest tax shield.

Regarding the trade-off theory, a firm would reach its optimal capital structure if the tax savings from additional leverage are offset by the increased costs of distress. the present value of the tax shield exceeds the value of the all-equity-financed firm. additional borrowing results in lower financial distress costs. additional borrowing is offset by the interest tax shield.

Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285190907

Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark Bradshaw

Publisher:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark Bradshaw

Chapter13: Valuation: Earnings-based Approach

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8QE

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Which of the following is most correct about the cost of capital? The cost of debt reflects the interest rates on debt capital before taking into account the tax effects. Cost of capital is affected by the required rates of return of each of the source of capital, regardless of the capital structure. The capital asset pricing model is the most widely used model to estimate the cost of common equity. To minimize the cost of capital, firms should borrow more than their capacity because increasing the lower cost of debt yields the lowest cost of capital, thus, enhances shareholder value.
According to the trade-off theory, the optimal capital structure is the level of debt that O minimizes the financial distress costs. equates the present values of the incremental interest tax shield and the incremental financial distress costs. maximizes the after-tax cash flows that are internally generated. maximizes the present value of the interest tax shield.
If the present value of a firm’s marginal financial distress costs are less than the present value of its marginal tax shield, the company Select one: a. has too much debt in its capital structure b. should increase the amount of debt in its capital structure c. has an optimal capital structure d. should increase the amount of equity in its capital structure e. none of the above
If a firm's marginal tax rate is increased, this means that other things held constant, lower the cost of debt used to calculate its WACC. True False
According to the capital structure trade-off model: O a. The optimal capital structure minimizes the company's weighted average cost of capital. O b. There is no optimal capital structure, but instead there is a hierarchy of sources of capital. O c. There is no optimal capital structure, and companies should aim to maximize debt financing, since they thereby minimize their tax payments. O d. The optimal capital structure minimizes the company's market value. O e. The optimal capital structure minimizes the company's cost of equity.
Modigliani and Miller Proposition II states that: the optimal capital structure occurs when the marginal cost of distress equals the marginal benefit of interest tax shields the cost of cost of levered equity is equal to the cost of unlevered equity, in the absence of taxes, since the value of the levered firm equals the value of the unlevered firm. the capital structure if the firm is irrelevant, regardless of the corporate tax rate. the cost of levered equity is equal to the cost of unlevered equity plus a premium that is proportional to the (market value) debt-to-equity ratio
Which of the following contentions concerning the static trade off theory of capital structure are true? (i) The optimal capital structure depends upon both the value of the tax shield and on the costs of financial distress. (ii) Costs of financial distress decrease as the amount of debt in the capital structure increases. (iii) The value of the tax shield increases as the amount of debt in the capital structure decreases. (iv) The cost of financial distress does not depend upon the nature of the firm's assets. O Only (i) and (iv) are true. O Only (iv) is true. O Only (i) is true. None are true. O Only (ii) and (iii) are true.
How does the WACC DCF methodology mechanically incorporate interest tax shields (select the best answer)? Group of answer choices By estimating free cash flows that incorporate the tax benefits of debt. By adding the tax benefits of interest payments to the value of the firm. By adding the PV of the interest tax shields to the value of the firm. By estimating a discount rate that incorporates the tax benefits of debt.
Which of the followings proposes that there is a tradeoff between level of borrowing and benefit of tax shields up a point after which financial distress costs start kicking in? CAPM Static capital structure theory M&M Proposition I M&M Proposition II Pecking order theory Floation cost includes Gross spread Direct expenses Indirect expenses Abnormal returns All of above Which one of the followings states that the value of a firm is unrelated to the firm's capital structure? Capital Asset Pricing Model M&M Proposition I M&M Proposition II Law of One Price Efficient Markets Hypothesis
The higher the firm's tax rate, the lower the firm's after-tax cost of debt and WACC will be (other things held constant.) TRUE Or False?
Which of the following statements is most correct? Group of answer choices The optimal capital structure maximizes the WACC. None of these. Increasing the amount of debt in a firm's capital structure is likely to increase the cost of both debt and equity financing. If the after-tax cost of equity financing exceeds the after-tax cost of debt financing, firms are always able to reduce their WACC by increasing the amount of debt in their capital structure.
The Modigliani and Miller theories are based on several unrealistic assumptions about debt financing. In reality, there are costs, taxes, and other factors associated with debt financing. These costs or effects have led to several theories that explain the impact of these factors on the capital structure of a firm. Based on your understanding of the trade-off theory, what kind of firms are likely to use more leverage? Firms with a higher proportion of fixed-versus-variable costs Firms with a higher proportion of variable-versus-fixed costs Based on your understanding of the capital structure theories, identify the best option for the missing part of the statement. According to signalling theory, if managers expect the firm's stock price to decrease, they are ???? to raise capital through equity financing. Discouraged Encouraged According to the windows of opportunity theory, managers ???? in efficient markets. O Don't believe Believe Under the pecking-order hypothesis, a firm will…