Rationalize the energy level diagrams below. 0₂ 111: 2p 1L 2s σ* 0* :11. N 111 2p 1L 2s 1 28 नैनै 111 2p 1 28 What are the corresponding bond orders? Draw the MO diagram of H2 and He and calculate the bond orders. What is the physical interpretation of this result?

Use Figs. 4-54 and 4-55 to answer the following questions. a. Would the bonding molecular orbital in HF place greater electron density near the H or the F atom? Why? b. Would the bonding molecular orbital have greater fluorine 2p character, greater hydrogen 1s character, or an equal contribution from both? Why? c. Answer the previous two questions for the antibonding molecular orbital in HF.

Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na,2+ (b) Mg,2 (c) AI,2 (d) Si,2 (e) p2+ (f) s,2 (g) F,2 (h) Ar,2 40. Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na22+ (b) Mg22+ (c) Al22+ (d) Si22+ (e) P22+ (f) S22+ (g) F22+ (h) Ar22+

Fumaric acid, C4H4O4, occurs in the metabolism of glucose in the cells of plants and animals. It is used commercially in beverages. The structural formula of fumaric acid is Maleic acid is the cis isomer of fumaric add. Using valence bond theory, explain why these isomers are possible.