QUESTION 6 Figure 10-3 PRICE 20 18 16 14 10 8 6 4 Social Value 246 Supply Demand 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 QUANTITY Refer to Figure 10-3. If the government wanted to tax or Jubsidize this good to achieve the socially optimal level of output, it would a introduce a subsidy of $2 per unit. b. impose a tax of $2 per unit. c. introduce a subsidy of $4 per unit. d. impose a tax of $4 per unit.
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- Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium, assuming that there are no laws banning smoking in public. Label the equilibrium private market price and quantity as Pm and Qm. Add whatever is needed to the model to show the impact of the negative externality from second-hand smoking. (Hint: In this case it is the consumers, not the sellers, who are creating the negative externality.) Label the social optimal output and price as Fe and Qe. On the graph, shade in the deadweight loss at the market output.18. The next few questions are about this generic market with a negative consumption externality. Fill in the welfare table below with the areas associated with each welfare measure. aslhee or batoob A P. 1 F H. G MSB Q, Qi tax that leads to Qo CS PS tax revenue externality total surplus gqg 53 2Abbo20 (p re 9 boagns exrsLU ednsto 75 beLapor ent45 40 35 30 25 20 P ($) Social cost Supply 15 10 Demand 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 wanted to tax or subsidize this good to achieve the Refer to the figure above. If the government socially-optimal level of output, it would Select one: O a introduce a subsidy of $10 per unit. O b. impose a tax of $10 per unit. Oo impose a tax of $15 per unit. Od introduce a subsidy of $15 per unit. 8
- 11. Compared to a good with no externalities, a good with a negative externality will appear to have experienced a OIncrease in Supply ODecrease in Supply Olncrease in Demand ODecrease in Demand at each corresponding price...Figure 1. The graph depicts the market for plastic containers. Price 16- 14- 12- 10 8- 6 200 500 650 Social Cost Private Cost Demand Quantity Refer to Figure 1. In order to reach the social optimum, the government could O offer a subsidy of $8 per unit on the production of plastic containers. O impose a tax of $8 per unit on the production of plastic containers. O offer a subsidy of $4 per unit on the production of plastic containers. O impose a tax of $4 per unit on the production of plastic containers.Price $240 $220 $200 $180 $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 0 S-MCMC Quantity of pediatrician visits Dudy-110 D$30 M Tools OWL OWL © a. Assume that the correct level of subsidy is $60. The socially optimal level of pediatrician visits is: 350 visits b. Compared to the efficient outcome, graph the deadweight loss that would result from subsidies of $30 or $90. Instructions: Use the tools provided "DWL 30' and 'DWLgo' to illustrate the deadweight loss for each subsidy. Drag the points to move or resize.
- Price (per pack) 11 10 9 8 7 -NW AS a 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity (millions of packs per year) DM DS If cigarettes are priced at $3 a pack. Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. a. what is the quantity demanded in the market? million packs per year b. what is the socially optimal quantity? million packs per year c. If the government were to Intervene and tax cigarettes, how large of a tax is needed per pack to achieve this optimal outcome?dry cleaners use chemical to clean clothes that have external costs. if the marginal external cost is 2 per garmet cleaned and the goverment levies a corrective tax of $1 per garment. which this new tax: -A. the price will be above the marginal cost to produce refrigerators B. the price will be below the marginal social benefit C. the price will be above the marginal social cost D. not enough garments will be cleanedAccording to the Coase theorem,a. private actors can reach agreement to solve theproblem of externalities without the government.b. corrective subsidies are the best policy to solvethe problem of positive externalities.c. negative externalities are a problem for societybut positive externalities are not.d. when two private actors amicably solve theproblem of externalities, they shift the problem toa third party
- PRICE 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Figure 10-3 Social Value Supply Demand, 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 QUANTITY Refer to Figure 10-3. If the government wanted to tax or subsidize this good to achieve the socially optimal level of output, it would O a. introduce a subsidy of $4 per unit. O b. impose a tax of $4 per unit. O c. impose a tax of $2 per unit. O d. introduce a subsidy of $2 per unit.This graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?Suppose that elementary education creates a positive externality. If the government does not subsidize education, then Select one: O a. the equilibrium quantity of education is optimal O b. the equilibrium quantity of education will be less than the socially optimal quantity of education O c. the equilibrium quantity of education will be equal to the socially optimal quantity of education O d. the equilibrium quantity of education will be greater than the socially optimal quantity of education Next page o search ..