Question 54 Electron transport and chemiosmosis (is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.) occur during both aerobic cell respiration and photosynthesis. What is the purpose of electron transport and chemiosmosis in both cell respiration and photosynthesis? To create sugar molecules from oxygen gas To create water molecules from carbon dioxide gas OTo use the energy released from slowing clectrons to build ATP OTo usc he energy released from slowing electrons to create light

Question 8 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aerobic metabolism? O A. Carbon dioxide is produced in the matrix of the mitochondria. O B. Oxygen is reduced to water by the electron transport chain. C. Lactic acid is produced in the cytoplasm. OD. ATP synthase requires a pH gradient O E. The electron transport chain functions as hydrogen ion pumps. mennes Mausantara **** Eminem

Question 29 Sponges (Porifera) All of the above pump water through their sponge material with the movement of collar cells Have larvae that swim using cilia Extract oxygen from the sea water Are assemblies of cells that work together cooperatively as one organism

Question 9 - Under anaerobic conditions in the muscle, lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction converting pyruvate to lactate. What is the metabolic reason for this fermentation reaction? It is necessary to reduce pyruvate before it can be converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the citric acid cycle in muscle. NAD* must be replenished for glycolysis to continue. The reaction creates NADH which can produce additional energy in the electron transport chain. O Lactate is more oxidized than pyruvate.

Question 8 There are six basic categories of enzymes. Which enzymes remove electrons from, or add electrons to, various substrates? They are used in both catabolic and anabolic pathways. (do not capitalize your answer) er

Question 18 In a photosynthetic cell undergoing cell expansion and growth involving active synthesis of multiple proteins, which of the following would you expect to be false? O photo-respiratory activity would increase O Nucleolar activity would be elevated O All of the possible answers are true O Mitochondrial activity will increase O Non-Cyclic electron transport would be greater than cyclic electron transport

Question 1: The amount of energy effectively stored in each ATP (the actual energy of ATP hydolysis) will depend on the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi, according to equations discussed in class and in the book. If the ATP synthase is operating at close to equilibrium (as might be the case if ATP is being used slowly), we can compute the maximum possible energy of ATP hydrolysis by assuming balance between the energy provided by the proton gradient and the energy used to make the ATP. (Since we care about the magnitude of the energy it’s convenient to talk in terms of absolute values; the maximum possible ATP hydrolysis energy is then the most negative value possible.) Using what you know about the mechanism of the ATP synthase, and assuming that the membrane gradient consists of a Δψ of -.15V and a ΔpH of 1 unit (alkaline inside), compute the maximum possible ATP-hydrolysis energies for synthases with: a.) 8 c-subunits   b.) 13 c-subunits