Fundamentals of Information Systems
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337097536
Author: Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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In class, we discussed that when decision-making is fully automated by the use of
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Responsibility and accountability
Productivity and control
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- A) Examine a scenario when you were faced with an ethical challenge while carrying out a task using technology. B) What was the ethical issue? C) What caused the challenge? D) What decision did you take?arrow_forwardComputer Science Using computers and other automated tools to grade true-false and multiple-choice tests is widespread, but grading essays has been reserved for instructors. Until now. Software developed by a nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and MIT recently released software that can grade student essays and short written answers. Students answer online instead of in a blue book and immediately receive their grade after clicking a Send button. The software uses artificial intelligence (it initially “learns” how to grade an instructor’s test by reviewing 100 essay exams that the instructor scored) and is designed to free up professors for other tasks, as well as give students the opportunity to immediately revise their graded essays for an improved grade. But does the system work? Are the automated grades similar to what a human grader would award? Skeptics (including the National Council of Teachers of English) say no. Objections include a lack of tests to support the validity…arrow_forwardAdd Harm/Beneficence of this study Harm/Beneficence. The idea is to evaluate an action by following the ideas of utilitarian ethics ala John Stuart Mill. The focus would be on the identifying possible ways in which an action taken by a stakeholder would result in harm or benefit. Having identified potential harm and benefit, one can compare and weigh harm versus benefit in evaluating an action.Steps like the following could be applied:1. If the action is taken, determine who is affected (consequences)2. Determine how they would be affected3. Determine any harmful effects (financial loss, suffering, deprivation ofrights, reduce quality of life, increase risk, diminish security, etc)4. Determine beneficial effects (financial gain, improve safety, elevate qualityof life, improve health, improve security, etc)5. Compare the actions in terms of their relative harm and benefit, arriving ataction choices that provide gains in utility.Special note for the final report is to write something…arrow_forward
- Can someone help with this questionsarrow_forwardwatch the following videos from the YouTube channel StatQuest:● Machine Learning Fundamentals: Sensitivity and Specificity● ROC and AUC, Clearly Explained!After reading and watching those videos, you should write a short essay that answers the followingquestions in your own words:● What is precision, recall, sensitivity, and specificity? How would you explain it to someone new tothe field of machine learning?● What is the precision/recall trade-off? Provide an unique example to illustrate the concept.● Explain the ROC curve and how it is used.arrow_forwardEducation is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators; however, learners can also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings, and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. Describe the overriding benefits of education, training, and awareness.arrow_forward
- Non-monotonic thinking involves ambiguity and gaps in understanding.arrow_forwardHow may one generate new concepts? Provide an explanation for your policy of not allowing criticism during group brainstorming sessions.arrow_forwardArtificial intelligence (Al) consists of related technologies that try to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning. Al technologies apply computers to areas that require knowledge, perception, reasoning, understanding, and cognitive abilities. Various system types and theoretical approaches have been used to develop these technologies, relying on different kinds of logical algorithms and programming. Identify which type of Al technology is being highlighted in each scenario. CBR Ahmed trains a system to recognize sign language, which the system then transcribes into written text. Fuzzy logic Andrey enters symptoms reported by a patient into the system and evaluates possible diagnoses and recommended treatments reported by the system. Intelligent agent Eva's clothes washer adjusts water temperature and wash and rinse times according to size, density, and detected soil levels of the load. ANN Jenna's home thermostat adjusts the…arrow_forward
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