Question 4 Fiscal Policy and ADAS (4 points) The following table has data on aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply. TT SRAS (billions) $100 200 Price Level AD (billions) $700 25 50 600 75 100 500 400 300 400 125 300 500 150 175 600 700 200 100 Graph the aggregate demand and short-run supply curves. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium but policymakers erroneously believe that the full-employment level of GDP is $600 billion. What is likely to happen in this economy?

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7. Supply-side effects Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD) and short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) is represented by a vertical line at $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential output. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. (? 120 LRAS SRAS 100 AD 80 SRAS LRAS 40 AD 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL

Which of the following would cause the Aggregate Supply curve to move from AS to AS2 in the graph below?   A) A general increase in energy and labor cost for businesses. B) A general decrease in labor cost for businesses. C) An increase in productivity. D) A federal government increase in spending.

Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Real GDP Supplied Price $ 250 $ 500 $ 750 $1000 1500 3000 4500 4500 Real GDP Demanded 5500 5000 4500 4000 a. Plot the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves on the same graph. b. State the equilibrium real GDP and price level. c. At the equilibrium GDP from part b, is the economy experiencing a recessionar gap? Explain why it is or is not experiencing a recessionary gap. d. State what happens to the nominal wages and the real wage in the short run phase of the aggregate supply.

Note: Line segments will automatically connect the points. PRICE LEVEL (Billions of dollars) 200 160 120 0 80 160 240 REAL GDP (Index numbers) The equilibrium price level is 320 400 Initial AD The change in government spending the multiplier effect. SRAS New AD ✓, and the equilibrium level of real output is Suppose that the government spending increases by $16 billion and the expenditure multiplier in this economy is 5. On the previous graph, use the purple points (diamond symbols) to illustrate the effect of the increase in government spending on the aggregate demand (New AD) curve. the equilibrium level of real output by . The price level increase

5. Supply-side effects Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve and short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve is represented by a vertical line at the potential GDP level of $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential GDP. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther 8 100 8 PRICE LEVEL 8 9 8 True Potential GDP O False AS AD 10 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) 12 True or False! Supply side…

INTEREST RATE (Percent) Demand LOANABLE FUNDS (Billions of dollars) Supply Scenario 1: Suppose savers either buy bonds or make deposits in savings accounts at banks. Initially, the interest income earned on bonds or deposits is taxed at a rate of 20%. Now suppose there is an increase in the tax rate on interest income, from 20% to 25%. Demand Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. This change in the tax treatment of interest income from saving causes the equilibrium interest rate in the market for loanable funds to and the level of investment spending to Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to reflect this change. The implementation of the new tax credit causes the interest rate to Supply Scenario 2: An investment tax credit effectively lowers the tax bill of any firm that purchases new capital in the relevant time period. Suppose the government implements a new investment tax credit. This change in spending causes the government to run a budget Shift the…