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Question 4 (a) An industrial unit has an electricity demand profile for a given day as shown in Table Q4.a.(i) below. (0) (ii) A B 200 Table Q4.a.(i) Tariff Band kWh used 1200 C 600 Calculate the total electricity charge for this day at a flat tariff of £0.14 per kWh. Tariff Band £/kWh Recalculate the total electricity charge for that day if a Time of Use tariff as shown in Table Q4.a.(ii) is applied instead. A B C 0.08 0.26 0.16 Table Q4.a.(ii) (iii) Suggest an alternative demand profile which will reduce the charge for the same total demand to an amount less than or equal to the original tariff. The demand during period B must be no less than 500 kWh, and all time periods must be non- zero. All calculations must be shown to justify your alternative profile.

Question 4 (a) An industrial unit has an electricity demand profile for a given day as shown in Table Q4.a.(i) below. (0) (ii) A B 200 Table Q4.a.(i) Tariff Band kWh used 1200 C 600 Calculate the total electricity charge for this day at a flat tariff of £0.14 per kWh. Tariff Band £/kWh Recalculate the total electricity charge for that day if a Time of Use tariff as shown in Table Q4.a.(ii) is applied instead. A B C 0.08 0.26 0.16 Table Q4.a.(ii) (iii) Suggest an alternative demand profile which will reduce the charge for the same total demand to an amount less than or equal to the original tariff. The demand during period B must be no less than 500 kWh, and all time periods must be non- zero. All calculations must be shown to justify your alternative profile.

Electricity for Refrigeration, Heating, and Air Conditioning (MindTap Course List)
Electricity for Refrigeration, Heating, and Air Conditioning (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN:9781337399128
Author:Russell E. Smith
Publisher:Russell E. Smith
Chapter17: Commercial And Industrial Air-conditioning Control Systems
Section: Chapter Questions
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Question 4 (a) An industrial unit has an electricity demand profile for a given day as shown in Table Q4.a.(i) below. (i) (ii) (iii) Tariff Band kWh used Table Q4.a.(i) A B 200 1200 Calculate the total electricity charge for this day at a flat tariff of £0.14 per kWh. Tariff Band Recalculate the total electricity charge for that day if a Time of Use tariff as shown in Table Q4.a.(ii) is applied instead. £/kWh. C 600 A B C 0.08 0.26 0.16 Table Q4.a. (ii) Suggest an alternative demand profile which will reduce the charge for the same total demand to an amount less than or equal to the original tariff. The demand during period B must be no less than 500 kWh, and all time periods must be non- zero. All calculations must be shown to justify your alternative profile. (b) Pumped Storage Hydro is one of the most effective energy storage options available to the electric grid. (i) Sketch the layout of a typical Pumped Storage Hydro facility and briefly describe how it operates as an energy storage facility. 5 [continued in page 6 (ii) A Pumped Storage Hydro plant has 4 pump-turbine generating units, and each has a rated flow of 30 m3/s, a net head of 400 m and a generation efficiency of 86%. If the reservoir has sufficient volume to allow the plant to run at rated conditions for 6 hours, calculate the energy storage capacity, in GWh, of the reservoir. (c) Wide Area Networks (WAN) form the communication backbone of a grid to connect the highly distributed smaller area networks that serve the power systems at different locations. Discuss how these are used in the context of the Information & Control System Interoperability of a Smart Grid.
Transcribed Image Text:Question 4 (a) An industrial unit has an electricity demand profile for a given day as shown in Table Q4.a.(i) below. (i) (ii) (iii) Tariff Band kWh used Table Q4.a.(i) A B 200 1200 Calculate the total electricity charge for this day at a flat tariff of £0.14 per kWh. Tariff Band Recalculate the total electricity charge for that day if a Time of Use tariff as shown in Table Q4.a.(ii) is applied instead. £/kWh. C 600 A B C 0.08 0.26 0.16 Table Q4.a. (ii) Suggest an alternative demand profile which will reduce the charge for the same total demand to an amount less than or equal to the original tariff. The demand during period B must be no less than 500 kWh, and all time periods must be non- zero. All calculations must be shown to justify your alternative profile. (b) Pumped Storage Hydro is one of the most effective energy storage options available to the electric grid. (i) Sketch the layout of a typical Pumped Storage Hydro facility and briefly describe how it operates as an energy storage facility. 5 [continued in page 6 (ii) A Pumped Storage Hydro plant has 4 pump-turbine generating units, and each has a rated flow of 30 m3/s, a net head of 400 m and a generation efficiency of 86%. If the reservoir has sufficient volume to allow the plant to run at rated conditions for 6 hours, calculate the energy storage capacity, in GWh, of the reservoir. (c) Wide Area Networks (WAN) form the communication backbone of a grid to connect the highly distributed smaller area networks that serve the power systems at different locations. Discuss how these are used in the context of the Information & Control System Interoperability of a Smart Grid.
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