Question 3: You are an astronomer and are searching for planets in other stellar systems for which conditions on the surface of the planets are similar to the Earth. You have identified a candidate star, Tycho1601 that you know has same size to the Sun but 1.4 times the surface temperature of the Sun (our Sun). Around that star there are four planets rotating around it. You are about to invest valuable telescope time in studying the individual planets which one you start with? A) Planet TychoA located at a distance that is half the distance between our Earth and our

Question 3: You are an astronomer and are searching for planets in other stellar systems for which conditions on the surface of the planets are similar to the Earth. You have identified a candidate star, Tycho1601 that you know has same size to the Sun but 1.4 times the surface temperature of the Sun (our Sun). Around that star there are four planets rotating around it. You are about to invest valuable telescope time in studying the individual planets which one you start with? A) Planet TychoA located at a distance that is half the distance between our Earth and our

Astronomy

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168284

Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff

Publisher:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff

Chapter21: The Birth Of Stars And The Discovery Of Planets Outside The Solar System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22E: When astronomers found the first giant planets with orbits of only a few days, they did not know...

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Consider the attached light curve for a transiting planet observed by the Kepler mission. If the host star is identical to the sun, what is the radius of this planet? Give your answer in terms of the radius of Jupiter. Brightness of Star Residual Flux 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.006 0.002 0.000 -8-881 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 Time (days) → 0.02 0.04 0.06
1) There is a one earth mass planet orbiting an M5 star of 0.2 Mo and luminosity 1x10-2 Lo- A) How close does the planet need to be to the star in order to receive the same amount of energy as the Earth receives from the sun? B) What is the orbital period of the planet at this distance? C) What is the magnitude of the radial velocity perturbation of the star? D) If the system is edge on to us, would we be likely to detect this planet using the radial velocity method?
In Table 2, there is a list of 15 planets, some of which are real objects discovered by the Kepler space telescope, and some are hypothetical planets. For each one, you are provided the temperature of the star that each planet orbits in degrees Kelvin (K), the distance that each planet orbits from their star in astronomical units (AUs) and the size or radius of each planet in Earth radii (RE). Since we are concerned with finding Earth-like planets, we will assume that the composition of these planets are similar to Earth's, so we will not directly look at their masses, rather their sizes (radii) along with the other characteristics. Determine which of these 15 planets meets our criteria of a planet that could possibly support Earth-like life. Use the Habitable Planet Classification Flow Chart (below) to complete Table 2. Whenever the individual value you are looking at falls within the range of values specified on the flow chart, mark the cell to the right of the value with a Y for…
One way that astronomers detect planets outside of our solar system (called exoplanets) is commonly referred to as the radial velocity method. This relies on the __________ ___________ to cause shifts in the spectral lines of stars as the stars perform tiny orbits around the center of mass of the host star and its orbiting planets. Those tiny orbits cause the stars to periodically (and therefore predictably) move closer to and further away from our solar system. Luckily, this method only relies on the motion of the star; its physical distance from us does not impact the resulting shifts.
You decide to go on an interstellar mission to explore some of the newly discovered extrasolar planets orbiting the star ROTOR. Your spacecraft arrives in the new system, in which there are five planets. ROTOR is identical to the Sun (in terms of its size, mass, age and composition). From your observations of these planets, you collect the following data: Density Average Distance from star (AU] Planet Mass Radius Albedo Temp. [C] Surf. Press. MOI Rotation [Earth = 1] (Earth = 1] [g/cm³] [Atm.] Period (Hours] Factor SIEVER EUGENIA 4.0 0.001 2.0 0.1 5.0 1.0 0.3 20 0.8 N/A 3.0 0.2 N/A 0.3 0.4 0.35 20 10 500 1000 5.0 4.0 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 -50 MARLENE CRILE 1.0 1.0 3.0 8.0 1,5 0.0 0.50 0.50 0.25 150 0.4 JANUS 100 12 0.1 10 -80 0.2 200 Figure 1: А Rotor 850 890 900 Wavelength (nm) A Sun В C 860 900 910 Wavelength (nm) 2414 a as
Determining the orbit of the two stars of Kepler-34, also called A and B. These two stars together are called a binary. A) Assume that star A has a mass of 1 solar mass and star B also has a mass of 1 solar mass. The semi major axis is 0.23 AU and the eccentricty is 0.53. What is the orbital period of the stellar A-B binary in days? Ignore the (much less massive) planet and focus on the orbit of the binary. B) Now let's consider the orbit of the planet, called "b". Since the planet orbits some distance away from the stars, it is an acceptable approximation to pretend like the stellar binary is like a single star with a mass that is the sum of the masses of stars A and B and that the mass of planet "b" is very small, calculate the semi-major axis in AU of the planet's orbit with a period of 289 days. (note: I think for this problem you are supposed to use Newton's version of Kepler's third law P2= 4π2/G(M1-M2)x a3 but, I'm not sure if that's the right thing to do). 1 solar mass= 2 x…
White Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 x 106 g/cm?. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass/volume, and the volume of a 4 sphere is Tr.) 3 km Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size? I Table A-10 I Properties of the Planets ORBITAL PROPERTIES Semimajor Axis (a) Orbital Period (P) Average Orbital Velocity (km/s) Orbital Inclination Planet (AU) (106 km) (v) (days) Eccentricity to Ecliptic Mercury 0.387 57.9 0.241 88.0 47.9 0.206 7.0° Venus 0.723 108 0.615 224.7 35.0 0.007 3.4° Earth 1.00 150 1.00 365.3 29.8 0.017 Mars 1.52 228 1.88 687.0 24.1 0.093 1.8° Jupiter 5.20 779 11.9 4332 13.1 0.049 1.30 Saturn 9.58 1433 29.5 10,759 9.7 0.056 2.5° 30,799 60,190 Uranus 19.23 2877 84.3 6.8 0.044 0.8° Neptune * By definition. 30.10 4503 164.8 5.4 0.011 1.8° PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Earth = e)…
Why are we unlikely to find Earth-like planets around halo stars in the Galaxy? A. Halo stars formed in a different way from disk stars. B. Planets around stars are known to be extremely rare. C. Halo stars formed in an environment where there were few heavy elements to create rocky planets. D. Halo stars do not have enough mass to hold onto planets. Is the answer C? Since halo stars are formed early when the galaxy consisted of mainly hydrogen and helium, there are no heavier elements available to create Earth-like planets so just halo stars are formed? Thanks!
You've just discovered a new X-ray binary, which we will call Hyp-X1 ("Hyp" for hypothetical). The system Hyp-X1 contains a bright, B2 main-sequence star orbiting an unseen companion. The separation of the stars is estimated to be 21 milion kilometers, and the orbital period of the visible star is 3 days. (a) Use Newton's version of Kepler's third law to calculate the sum of the masses of the two stars in the system. (Hinr. See Mathematical Insight Measuring Stellar Masses in the textbook) Give your answer in both kilograms and solar masses MS-2.0 x 10^30 kg) Express your answer in kilograms to two significant figures. (b) Express your answer as a multiple of Sun's mass to two significant figures. (c) Determine the mass of the unseen companion.(Hint A main-sequence star with spectral type B2 has a mass of about 10 MSun) Express your answer as a multiple of Sun's mass to two significant figures.
9) An interstellar cloud fragment 0.2 light-year in diameter is rotating at a rate of one revolution per million years. It now begins to collapse. Assuming that the mass remains constant, estimate the cloud's rotation period when it has shrunk to (a) the size of the solar nebula, 100 AU across, and (b) the size of Earth's orbit, 2 AU across. (answers: 0.016 revolutions per year, and an orbital period of 62.5 years, This is 40 revolutions per year, and an orbital period of 0.025 years, or just a little over 9 days)
You are working for a new assistant professor in astronomy who is interested in exoplanets. One day, a scientific rumor begins circulating that there is a Jupiter-sized planet around Alpha Centauri, 4.28 light-years away. Your professor has access to viewing privileges for the Hubble Space Telescope (aperture diameter 2.4 m, 100 nm to 2 400 nm), the Hale Telescope on Palomar Mountain in California (aperture diameter 5.08 m, visible light), the Keck Telescope on Mauna Lea, Hawaii (aperture diameter 10.0 m, visible light), and the Arecibo Radio Telescope in Puerto Rico (aperture diameter 305 m, 75-cm radio waves). He asks you to advisehim as soon as possible as to which telescope he should request time on in order to resolve an image of the planet.
Please answer the following A) Suppose an object takes 1000 years to orbit the Sun. How many times farther from the Sun is it, when compared with Earth? B) Communications with the spacecraft Alpha using radio waves require 2000 years for the round trip (there and back). This implies that Alpha is how many light years away from Earth?