QUESTION 3 Let c(w1; w2; y) be a cost function, and let A > 1. We have: Oa. ( A w1; Aw2: y) = c(w1; w2: y) %3D Ob. A w1; Aw2; y) = Ac{w1; w2; y) Oc. A w1; Aw2: y) > Ac(w1; w2; y) Od.(A w1; Aw2: y) < Ac(w1; w2; y)

Two identically able agents are competing for a promotion. The promotion is awarded on the basis of output (whomever has the highest output, gets the promotion). Because there are only two workers competing for one prize, the losing prize=0 and the winning prize =P. The output for each agent is equal to his or her effort level times a productivity parameter (d). (i.e. Q2=dE1 , Q2=dE2). If the distribution of “relative luck” is uniform, the probability of winning the promotion for agent 1 will be a function of his effort (E1) and the effort level of Agent 2 (E2). The formula is given by...Prob(win)=0.5 + α(E1-E2), where α is a parameter that reflects uncertainty and errors in measurement. High measurement errors are associated with small values of α (think about this: if there are high measurement errors, then the level of an agent’s effort will have a smaller effect on his/her chances of winning). Using this information, please answer the following questions. Both workers have a…

In the late 1990s, car leasing was very popular In the United States. A customer would lease a car from the manufacturer for a set term, usually two years, and then have the option of keeping the car. If the customer decided to keep the car, the customer would pay a price to the manufacturer, the "residual value," computed as 60% Df the new car price. The manufacturer would then sell the retumed cars at auction. In 1999, manufacturers lost an average of $480 on each returned car (the auction price was, on average, $480 less than the residual value). Suppose two customers have leased cars from a manufacturer. Their lease agreements are up, and they are considering whether keep (and purchase at 60% of the new car price) their cars or return thelr cars. Two years ago, Becky leased a car valued new at $18,500. If she returns the car, the manufacturer could likely get $12,950 at auction for the car. Eleen also leased a car, valued new at $19,000, two years ago. If she returns the car, the…

Nn3    Suppose an incumbent monopoly firm currently earns a profit of $50,000 per period. A potential entrant could enter and make a profit of $15,000 per period while also lowering the incumbent’s profit to $20,000 per period. The monopoly firm could seek to engage in predatory pricing, which would lead to both firms earning a loss of $5,000 per period. (a) Is there a Nash Equilibrium in this game? If so, what is it? (b) Discuss how this game might play out in the real world?