Question # 3 1. List and describe the steps of the lytic and lysogenic viral cycles. Be sure to list exactly what is happening to the host cell in each stage. 2. What is happening to the viral particles in each step of the lytic and lysogenic viral cycles. 3. What is the outcome of the cell after the lytic and lysogenic viral cycle, i.e., cell lysis or not? 4. What are the major differences between the replication steps of both viral replication cycles? 5. What is induction in the lysogenic replication phase?

Question 19 Lysogenic cells have phages that are: A actively synthesizing viral proteins B biosynthesizing only in the cytoplasm in the eclipse period D inactive in the prophage phase

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Question 8B When scientists first discovered SARS-COV2, they were able to generate a sequence of the viral genome quickly. However, before they were able to do next-gen DNA sequencing on the virus, they had to do a major step before they could get a genome sequence. What did they have to do before carrying out DNA sequencing? Why was this step necessary? (hint: consider what type of virus this is)

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Question 15 Which of the following characteristics is NOT used in the Baltimore classification system? A) Sense of strand Nucleic acid type Number of strands D Viral capsule morphology Pri Last Ter Type here to search 11 DII PrtScn F8 Esc F5 F6 F7 F1 F2 F3 F4 @ #3 24 & 5 6.

Question 23 BONUS: Match the viral adhesin to it cells receptor influenza A virus Hemagglutinin [Choose] [Choose J COVID 19 pandemic coronavirus S protein sialic acid receptors ACE-2 receptors in lungs

Question 24 Deamination of cytosines promotes which mutations? 1. C-G to T-A 2. Does not lead to mutations 3. C-G to G-C 4. C-G to A-T O 4 O 2 O 1 O 3

QUESTION 13 A scientist would like to overexpress a lysosomal acid hydrolase in a cultured cell line as a way to investigate a potential therapy for a lysosomal storage disease. How might this scientist introduce a plasmid encoding this lysosomal enzyme into cells? O Scanning electron microscopy O Western blot analysis O Transfection with a lipid reagent (AKA liposomes) O Immunohistochemistry O Generate an organoid QUESTION 14 Heterotrimeric G-proteins that associate with the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consist of which of the following? OA. beta subunits C B. O C. alpha subunits alpha, beta, and gamma subuni OD. beta and gamma subunits O E. gamma subunits QUESTION 15 The activation of a common effector molecule in the cytoplasm by signals from a variety of unrelated receptors is called OA. Divergence OB. Convergence OC. Crosstalk OD. Transvergence QUESTION 16