Question 20 You are studying a species of butterfly whose caterpillars produce different toxins based on the genotype of the Tox locus. Alleles E and N are codominant. Individuals homozygous for E are emetic (cause vomiting), while caterpillars homozygous for N produce a neurotoxin. Heterozygotic caterpillars produce a toxin with both qualities. At the Bocas del Toro research station in Panama, you counted 45 neurotoxic caterpillars, 57 emetic caterpillars, and 82 caterpillars with both toxic qualities. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, you calculated the expected genotypic frequencies: NN= 0.218, NE= 0.498, EE= 0.284. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why/why not? A No, because the X^2 test statistic is greater than 3.84. B No, because the genotype frequencies not equal 1. Yes, because the X^2 test statistic is greater than 3.84. D Yes, because the genotype frequencies are approximately equal to 1. E) No, because the X^2 test statistic is less than 3.84. F) Yes, because the X^2 test statistic is less than 3.84.

Question 5 Assume you discovered two new genetic traits in drosophila caused by two different mutations. In the first trait, you can clearly distinguish that the flies can have either 2 or 3 stripes on their body. For the other trait, you can distinguish yellow bodies in some flies and white bodies in others. You hypothesize that the stripe trait is controlled by 1 gene (where 2 stripes (S) is dominant over 3 stripes (s)) and that a different gene determines the body color (where white (W) is dominant over yellow (w)). You hypothesize that the genes are on different chromosomes. You set out to test your hypothesis, by crossing F1 heterozygote (in other words, dihybrids) male and female flies. Below is a table as it appears in YOUR lab book. You have already indicated the number of flies you have obtained for each combination of phenotypes. Perform a chi²-test by completing the table below to determine if your data is consistent with your hypotheses. Provide your reasoning by showing…

Question 17 You and your laboratory partner began to conduct a dihybrid cross of pea plants before the pandemic, using two traits that sort independently. The traits you studied were leaf shape (S-smooth, s=ridgy) and leaf color (C-green, c=red). You and your lab partner put on your masks and took a socially distanced trip to see your experiment in the greenhouse, where you counted 112 plants from the F1 generation of your experiment. As you expected, every plant in the F1 had smooth, green leaves. What are the allele frequencies in the F1 generation of your experiment? A Ss=50%, Cc=50% B S=25%, s=25%, C=25%, c=25% C) S=50%, s=50%, C=50%, c=50% Ss=100%, Cc=100% Last saved 1:29. 52 minutes remaining P Type here to search Home PrtScn F8 *3 F2 DII F3 Esc F5 F6 F7 23 $ % 2 3. 4 6.

QUESTION 7 You are trying to use qPCR to compare gene expression of nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) in a Pseudomonas sample treated under various conditions. Using the 2-delta deltact method, about how much higher (or lower) is the expression of nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) in the experimentally treated sample verses the untreated sample? nosZ Ct values for untreated sample (control conditions) Internal housekeeping nosz Ct values for Internal housekeeping gene Ct values for untreated sample (control conditions) gene Ct values for treatment sample experimental treatment sample experimental Replicate 1 21.3 20.0 19.8 20.9 Replicate 2 21.5 20.1 19.7 21.0 Replicate 3 21.4 20.3 19.5 20.7 Replicate 4 21.6 20.2 19.4 21.1 O A. -2 times higher B. -100 times higher C. about 20% as much as the control O D.-3.5 times higher O E. -12 times higher O F. -6 times higher than the control