QUESTION 1o Which of the following is one of the body's first lines of defense against infection? A) antibodies B) obstacles such as skin and mucous membranes C) increased production of certain hormones D) decreased heart rate

Q: A pleomorphic rash characterized by macules which swell, fill with fluid, then pus, then rupture,…

A: Viral diseases are infectious disease that are caused by virus. Virus contains DNA or RNA as genetic…

Q: ___________ anti-bodies are now used for treatment of cancer.a) Monoclonal b) Diclonal c) Natural d)…

A: Cancer is a disease which involves abnormal cells growth with the potential to invade or spread to…

Q: 16) The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 is notable because it prevented_

A: 16. C) Reimportation  17. A) 545/10795

Q: the relationship between the brain and the immune system is:  a) bidirectional b) Unidirectional…

A: Brain is the part of the central nervous system which monitors the activity of the functioning of…

Q: Not graded work, questions 13 and 15 ONLY!

A: 13) The sympathetic nervosa system then stimulates the adrenal gland triggering the release of…

Q: A vaccine that employs a toxoid is based upon a ______. A) antibody B) attenuated virus C) histamine…

A: A vaccination is a pharmacological substance that enhances a person's resistance to specific…

Q: 1) Which line of defense are these immune response components part of? A) Complement: B)…

A: Immune system helps in protection of organism against disease.Immune system helps in detection and…

Q: What is the effect of the excessive rate of apoptosis? a) AIDS b) Fever c) Atrophy d) Sneezing

A: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms as a natural part of…

Q: Question 68 Chlamydia trachomatis is a: Question 68 options: a) Gram-negative, obligate…

A: Bacteria is defined as the large group of microscopic unicellular organisms where they do not have…

Q: Question 74   A patient's serology results report the presence of antibodies against diphtheria…

A: Corynebacterium is the pathogenic bacteria that cause Diptheria. It secretes an exotoxin called…

Q: What is Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a)?

A: Tumor necrosis issue could be a protein, i.e. alittle supermolecule utilized by the immune system…

Q: What is Interleukin 1 (IL-1)?

A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Allowing conversion from group to individual coverage is a feature of:

A: Conversion Privilage means when the group life insurance coverage ends due to a termination of job…

Q: Which of the following is not considered a "first line of defense" against pathogens? a) lysozyme b)…

A: All the options are considered as the first line of defense against pathogens .…

Q: Tuberculosis continues to be a serious health concern in many parts of the world. A) true B) false

A: An airborne infection that mainly affects the lungs, tuberculosis (TB) is contagious. Your brain and…

Q: ble for the prevention of botulism b) Botulism is not life-threatening, even

A: Botulism can be defined as food poisoning caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium…

Q: Which of the following are important for viral protection

A: Which of the following are important for viral protection? Answer. (b)Interferons

Q: Vaccines are substances that confer immunity against________.a) All kind of diseases b) Communicable…

A: Each vaccine contains a small amount of the  germ (virus or bacteria) ,inactivated  or dead or parts…

Q: The ________ clones are developed by nuclear transfer into the host cell.a) Artificial b) Natural c)…

A: Cloning is a genetically manipulating procedure that results in a genetically identical cell or…

Q: Question 7 What is the primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae? Question 7…

A: Ans- b. The presence of a polysaccharide capsule.

Q: Bobby has been diagnosed with PKU. His mother wants to know about the treatments. What would you…

A: Phenylketonuria It is an inherited metabolic disorder, characterized by body's inability to utilize…

Q: To be able to grow and count phage, you need a) Bacteria b) Lactose c) Lysogenic cells O d) Durham…

A: Bacteriophages, commonly known as phages, are viruses specializing in the infection of bacteria.…

Q: Question 79   The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions directly resulted…

A: Answer: ANTI-BODIES = These are the Y-shaped proteins which binds to the antigens with epitope when…

Q: The hepatitis B vaccine is an example of which type of vaccine? Question 72 options: a) A…

A: A vaccine is a man-made concoction containing an dead or weakened antigen, or a part of the virus…

Q: The induced clones are developed by ________ into the host cell.a) Nuclear transfer b) Gene transfer…

A: Introduction: Cloning is a process by which genetically identical cells can be produced either…

Q: The flu virus in flu vaccines is a dead virus. The term to describe the virus in this situation is…

A: Correct answer is B

Q: Question 71   Which of the following laboratory results are indicative of a urinary tract infection?…

A: Human body consists of various systems that perform different functions, one such system is the…

Q: QUESTION 2 In the Luria Delbruck experiment, what did the appearance of a bacterial colony on a…

A: Luria–Delbrück experiment  This experiment is also call the Fluctuation Test. This test indicated…

Q: 30) 30) The proper angle of needle insertion when giving an intramuscular injection is A) 90 Degrees…

A: An intramuscular injection is the process of administering a medication (in liquid form), deep into…

Q: What type of molecules are antigens? A.) proteins B.) carbohydrates C.) lipids D.) RNA E.) all of…

A: Antigen is a foreign substance which on entering the host body stimulates the immune response. This…

Q: What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?   Question 10 options:   A)  innate…

A: Mumps results from the infection of the mumps virus. The presence of the virus/pathogen in the body…

Q: During a major infection, you often get a high fever because _____.

A: Major infection, you often get a high fever because

Q: Which protein is responsible for the ability of influenza virus to bind to epithelial cells?…

A: Influenza is commonly known as the flu. It is commonly caused by the influenza virus. The symptoms…

Q: 4. Which of the following immune cells acts as an antigen a) Suppressor T cell b) c) Natural killer…

A: The immune system is a complex set of defense mechanisms present in humans and other advanced…

Q: Question 75   Which of the following considerations should be made when storing vaccines? Question…

A: While storing vaccines in the refrigerator, we need to keep in mind some key points. Here we will…

Q: Question 4 Which of the following virulence factors produced by Streptococcus pyogenes destroys both…

A: The Erythrogenic toxins which are also called as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. The strains of…

Q: The presence of squamous epithelial cells in an expectorated sputum sample indicates that: Question…

A: Squamous epithelial cells form a layer of flattened cells, and are found in areas where diffusion,…

Q: Medical microbiology laboratories are using molecular methods more and more to facilitate pathogen…

A: Molecular methods are associated with increased sensitivity and yields rapid results.  Hence…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding chlamydia is correct? Question 67 options: a)…

A: Chlamydia is considered a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium called chlamydia…

Q: What is Interleukin 2 (IL-2)?

A: The immune system is actively involved in preventing pathogens and other foreign particles from…

Q: Which of the following are important for viral protection? ( select all the correct answers)    a)…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: Which of the following is not part of the human immune response? A) producing antibodies B) the skin…

A: When there is antigen enter in human bidy immune system recognizes and destroys, substances that…

Q: ___________ are employed to kill the infectious germs and cure a disease.a) Antigens b) Antibiotics…

A: Germs are the living organisms that cause diseases in humans and other living beings.

Q: Fever, difficulty breathing, extreme fatigue, and elevated heart rate are characteristic of which…

A: An infectious disease is considered a disturbance in the physical condition of the body caused by…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.