Question 1. Using left-factoring and/or elimination of left-recursion, give grammars equivalent to the below two grammars where the immediate problems preventing use of recursive-descent parsing have been removed. Capital letters denote variables and the set of terminals is {a, b, c, d}. 1. S → abSc | acS | ad | cbS | dc S → Sbc | Sdc | Sadd | abS | € 2.

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