Question 1: The English alphabet contains 21 consonants and five vowels. Determine the number of strings of eight lowercase letters of English alphabet contain at least one vowel? Determine the number of possible passwords with eight or ten characters long, where each character is an ASCII letter and there must be at least one @’ in the passwords.

Q: ased on One-Time algorithm, if we have used Uppercase, space, ., and ? Now the plaintext “THERE ARE…

A: The plain text is  THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ENCRYPTION. the cipher text is…

Q: From worksheet General, in cell E17, round the number given in the cell G16 which always pushes down…

A: Formula to round the number in the worksheet to the nearest multiple of 6:   =MROUND(G16,6).

Q: GIven that the key of hill cipher as following 15 YJ and you given that the affine cipher text as (A…

A: The answer is C: k1=17, k2=9, D=FLOOH

Q: How is the hash value of a message protected? Is it possible to use it without obtaining the secret…

A: Message Authentication: Message authentication is another kind of security. The data security…

Q: Encrypt the message DEFEND THE BORDER. using RSA encryp- tion with key (e,n) = (11, 3071).

A: Answer: I have given answered in the handwritten format.

Q: Which of the following assertions is false: There are two keys used for encryption and decryption in…

A: Start: One key was used for encryption and another for decryption in public key cryptography.Two…

Q: We have the numbers 21,22,23,6955. This is an encrypted message with AES encryption. The first 3…

A: AES was established by NIST to encrypt data. It is a block cypher and key size is 128/192/256 bits.…

Q: Q5: If Ali's public key is and his private key is , and Bader's public key is and his private key…

A:

Q: Is there a maximum length of time a user may be banned for? How much longer will this go on?…

A: In a multi-user context, DBMS locking helps manage concurrent transactions.  Let's explore if a…

Q: Samantha uses the Elgamal signature scheme with prime p = 6961 and primitive root g = 437. Her…

A: let o<r<p and o<s<p-1gH(m)=yrrs(mod p)if true then the verification and rejectionlet…

Q: AUGRRXULTRFUQGBNULYTAGPONPBVPBSUMOFFYVYGLYGT MCOICEESXFPBUHKCYUIDKRGJEOHDXNHQPBMYBEHYYUNL 2) The…

A: Given: The following was encrypted using the Hill Cipher with a 2 x 2 matrix as the key. Determine…

Q: Q16: if the following message "paperx" is encrypted by using Hill cipher and converted into cipher…

A: The matrix used for encryption is the cipher key, and it should be chosen randomly from the set of…

Q: A password consists of 4 to 6 digits can be chosen from the available 10 digits with repetitions…

A: here in the given question 10 digit are given and with repetation how many password is possible that…

Q: Q1: Based on DES, if the shared key is "SECURITY" and the output of round 15 is "IT*? 7b/" find the…

A: How do you remove cipher text encryption?In order to decrypt / define a coded message, you need to…

Q: Q2: Based on Data Encryption Standard (DES), if the shared key is "Informed" and the output of Round…

A: Data encryption standard (DES) has been found vulnerable against very powerful attacks and…

Q: mark the correct alternative that corresponds to the Hash cryptographic system definition

A: This is very simple. Firstly let's understand what is a Hash Cryptography. Hash cryptography is…

Q: Encrypt The following correspondence between letters and numbers is used in the Caesar cypher. a b c…

A:

Q: Q2) Using hill cipher method, using the following key 3*3 matrix find the ciphertext for the…

A: Each alphabet is mapped to its respective number and then the matrix of plaintext is multiplied with…

Q: Ion Data Encryption Standard (DES), i Round 2 is “56 37 78 05 ab 55 34 81"

A: given - Q2: Based on Data Encryption Standard (DES), if the shared key is "Computer" and the output…

Q: Q4: Based on Hill cipher algorithm, if the decryption key is -2 2 -5 17-11 11 1 13-12 In the case…

A: // C++ code to implement Hill Cipher#include <iostream>using namespace std; // Following…

Q: 7. The following ciphertext 261 163 196 172 217 172 89 142 76 217 209 172 ? was produced using the…

A: Note  As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost other…

Q: Q4: Based on Hill cipher algorithm, if the decryption key is -2 5 -19 16 -14 11 7 -17 In the case…

A: Solution :: Let's see first what is hill cipher algorithm ?   the Hill code/puzzle is a lie…

Q: e last round output of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for the key "K=22 82 33 54 67 45 87 5A B6…

A: Lets see the solution

Q: BX Cart Rentals has created a website for customer access. They are trying to determine a reasonably…

A: Given length of password=6 Uppercase letters=26 Lowercase letters=26 Digits=10 Special Characters=3…

Q: 8

A: Answering first question as per guidelines

Q: ROLL NO-18 Let p=13, q=23, and public key e=7, then find the corresponding private key and sign the…

A: The answer is

Q: Part 3. Crypto Problem: Use your program to help solve these ciphers: 3a. Solve the following…

A: To solve the given monoalphabetic cipher, we can start by looking for patterns in the ciphertext.…

Q: Q4: Based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), if c={74} instead of c={63} in S-Bo construction,…

A: If, c = {74} instead of  c = {63}

Q: How permutation and substitution operations help in encryption? Explain in your own words by not…

A: Permutation And Substitution are common technique to create ciphers.

Q: Q3: Based on RSA, if the private key is find the corresponding public key.

A: RSA is an Asymmetric crypto system where the keys used for encryption(public key) and…

Q: Q6: If the password contains 3 different lowercase letters and its hash is…

A: Find Your Answer below

Q: Public Key Authority is one example of this. Before sending a message to A, the Public Key Authority…

A: Authority in Charge of Public Keys: It's comparable to the directory, but it adds security by…

Q: A system allows a user to choose a password with a length of one to eight characters, inclusive.…

A: When every element or result in a set has an equal chance of being chosen or happening, this is…

Q: Perform the encryption and decryption using OTP for the given plaintext and secret key. Show every…

A: logic:-  write plaintext and its corresponding number.  Exactly below it , write secret key and its…

Q: Given a ciphertext (in hexadecimal format)

A: As mentioned the cipher text is in hexadecimal format with more than 2000 lengths. It will take much…

Q: If a message contains two identical 64-bit blocks, the corresponding ciphertext blocks are also…

A: CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) is a mode of operation for block ciphers that enhances the security and…

Q: Based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), if the shared key is "Information Secu" and the…

A: AES is implemented in software and hardware throughout the planet to encrypt sensitive data. it's…

Q: Question 4 Based on Row Transposition Cipher, put the ciphertext in the table below. Key: Plaintext:…

A: The Row Transposition Cipher is a classical encryption technique used to scramble plaintext by…

Q: Which of the following assertions is false: There are two keys used for encryption and decryption in…

A: Start: One key was used for encryption and another for decryption in public key cryptography.Two…

Q: How about encrypting an AES key using a secret password? Extend your justification for why you chose…

A: The U.S. government uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to secure secret information. AES is…

Q: Determine the security flaws that are present in each method of authentication, then provide a…

A: Introduction: Why is it that mode Relational databases have been used by institutions in the fields…

Q: Explain how encryption secure passwords and write a program using either java or python of a hash…

A: public class Main {    public static void main(String[] args)     {        String passwordToHash =…