q3 Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes. c) Evaluate the Regulator of capsule Synthesis (Rcs) phosphorelay system of Enterobacteria
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q3 Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes.
c) Evaluate the Regulator of capsule Synthesis (Rcs) phosphorelay system of Enterobacteria
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- q3 Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes.a) Justify the importance of TCS.Q1 How can you measure the activity of actinomycetes that produce antibiotics ?Q2 What is the reason of the production of clear zone around the proteolytic bacteria when grown on casein agar ? Q3 Why some bacteria produce Nanoparticles when grown on trace elements? Q4 Why the ureolytic bacteria use urea? And why they produce CaCO3?Two-component system (TCS) allows an organism in adapting to changes in the environment. It is available mostly in prokaryotes but is also available to some eukaryotes. a) Justify the importance of TCS.
- VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the way in which aerobic bacteria are hypothesized to have become incorporated into an original prokaryotic host cell.Compare and contrast induction and activation of xenobotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs)Chapter 9 L discusses some oxygen requirement, grouped. We're going to focus on those that do not necessarily need oxygen for survival. For this part: aerotolerance, categories under which most prokaryotic organisms can be 1. What oxygen requirement, or aerotolerance, categories allow for an organism to survive in the complete absence of oxygen? Please list those oxygen requirement/aerotolerance categories where an organism doesn't necessarily need oxygen for growth. 2. Oxygen is toxic to most organisms, even you! One reason we don't see the effects of this is because most organisms are able to produce enzymes to counteract this toxicity. This is called, "detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS)," as discussed in Chapter 9. In order to survive in the presence of oxygen (if it can), a prokaryotic organism must be able to undergo detoxification of reactive oxygen species. For each category you listed in 1), please provide: A. the enzymes that may be lacking/missing in order to detoxify…
- "On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" ABSTRACT The rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is posing a growing public health risk. The mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution of drug resistance are, however, poorly understood. The heterogeneity of the environments in which bacteria encounter antibiotic drugs could play an important role. E.g., in the highly compartmentalized human body, drug levels can vary substantially between different organs and tissues. It has been proposed that this could facilitate the selection of resistance mutants, and recent experiments support this. To study the role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance, we present a quantitative model describing an environment subdivided into relatively isolated compartments with various antibiotic concentrations, in which bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, migration, mutation and…"On the rapidity of antibiotic resistance evolution facilitated by a concentration gradient" ABSTRACT The rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotics is posing a growing public health risk. The mechanisms underlying the rapid evolution of drug resistance are, however, poorly understood. The heterogeneity of the environments in which bacteria encounter antibiotic drugs could play an important role. E.g., in the highly compartmentalized human body, drug levels can vary substantially between different organs and tissues. It has been proposed that this could facilitate the selection of resistance mutants, and recent experiments support this. To study the role of spatial heterogeneity in the evolution of drug resistance, we present a quantitative model describing an environment subdivided into relatively isolated compartments with various antibiotic concentrations, in which bacteria evolve under the stochastic processes of proliferation, migration, mutation and…Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysıns are cell membrane disrupters that can rupture red blood cells. B) O Second mesengar pathway disrupters like cholera toxin produces a debilitating respiratory condition of the lungs. C) O Shiga toxin, tetanus toxin, and hemolysins are all types of exotoxins. D) O Superantigens elicit a hyperactive response by the immune system and can lead to shock. E) O None are false, A-D are all true statements.
- provide introduction of the topic Metabarcoding of yeast associated with seaweed in marine ecosystem(1000 words)1. Which of the following are examples of eukaryotic organisms? (Select all that apply) Flowers Bacteria Humans Archaea Mushrooms 2. Clathrin is used by cells to a) Help form endocytic vesicles b)Bind a vesicle to the cell’s plasma membrane c)Increase the elasticity of lipid membranes d)Bind to substrates for endocytosis e)Decrease osmotic pressure from solutes 3. A phagosome is a)A membrane compartment used to store water and ions b)An organelle used to degrade molecules c)An endocytic vesicle formed by phagocytosis d)A membrane pit located on the surface of the cell e)An organelle used for the detoxification of organic molecules 4. The process of bringing dissolved substances into the cell is a)Transcytosis b)Receptor-mediated endocytosis c)Exocytosis e)Pinocytosis f)PhagocytosisCompare the mechanisms by which most eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients with those used by bacteria and archaea. What are the implications in terms of survival in different habitats and competition between eukaryotic microbes such as protists and bacteria and archaea?