Q16. Electron flow along an electron transport chain is a spontaneous process from molecules that are strong reducing agents to molecules that are stronger oxidizing agents. Given your knowledge of photosynthetic electron transport, which one of the following molecules is the strongest reducing agent (most easily oxidized)? A. P680 B. H2O C. P700* D. NADPH

Q16. Electron flow along an electron transport chain is a spontaneous process from molecules that are strong reducing agents to molecules that are stronger oxidizing agents. Given your knowledge of photosynthetic electron transport, which one of the following molecules is the strongest reducing agent (most easily oxidized)? A. P680 B. H2O C. P700* D. NADPH

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter21: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18P: The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy...

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Q29. FADH2 is similar to NADH in that it is also oxidized by the respiratory electron transport chain. However, oxidation of FADH2 does not yield as much ATP as the oxidation of NADH. Why doesn't oxidation of FADH2 generate as much ATP as oxidation of NADH? A. Energy is more spread out in FADH2. B. FADH2 has fewer C-H bonds than NADH. C. FADH2 oxidation occurs at complex II; it therefore bypasses the proton-pumping of Complex I. D. FADH2 oxidation to FAD releases fewer electrons than the oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
Q21. Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process. Which of the following statements about this redox process is correct? The oxidation of NADPH by the Calvin Cycle is linked to the reduction of CO2. In the electron transport chain, plastocyanin is easier to be oxidized than PQ. Following light absorption H2O is oxidized to O2. Absorption of light by P700 makes it easier to be reduced. A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
d) In the presence of sunlight, an electrochemical gradient is generated between two of the spaces within the chloroplast. 1.Describe what happens when a photon of light energy hits a molecule of chlorophyl. 2. What is meant by the term electrochemical gradient? 3.What role does the photosynthetic electron transport chain play in the generation of the electrochemical gradient? 4. Two chemical reactions also contribute to the generation of the electrochemical gradient. What are the reactions, where do they occur, and why do these factors affect the gradient? 5. The electrochemical gradient can be utilised by ATP synthase to generate ATP - explain how the location and structure of ATP synthase enable it to perform this function. e) The light reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP and NADPH for use in the dark reactions (i.e., the Calvin cycle). Why are they needed?
Q19. In photosynthetic electron transport a proton gradient is established across the thylakoid membrane. Which of the following protein complexes does not contribute to establishing this proton gradient? A. Plastoquinone B. NADP+ reductase C. Oxygen evolving complex D. ATP synthase
A. The C4 plant performs photosynthesis more efficiently than the C3 when the CO2 concentration is 600ppm or less. Provide one reason why the rate of photosynthesis doesn’t change for the C4 plant when the CO2 concentration increases above 400 ppm. B. Discuss what is happening in the C3 plant when the CO2 levels are below 50 ppm. Provide one reason why this does NOT happen to the C4 plant.
A. Explain the role of ATP in life process. B. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. You may use the link below for reference. https://youtu.be/KfvYQgT2M-k Light- independent reactions Point of Light-dependent reactions Comparison 1. Raw materials 2. Part of the chloroplasts where they occur 3. Light requirements 4. Products 15. Ву-products
Explain THREE (3) reasons why photosynthetic rate is reduced under water deficit.
ATP is produced by chemiosmosis in photosynthesis". Identify where and how this chemical gradient is formed?how this is driving the ATP synthesis. Mention where the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place along with the functional end product(s) of these two stages. Dark and light reactions of photosynthesis are interconnected, how?
of the claSS. 1. How do plants acquire the starting reactants of photosynthesis (CO, and H,O)? What do plants do with the products of photosynthesis (O, and carbohydrates)? 2. A plant may be using more energy to fuel life processes (cell respiration) than it is taking in through photosynthesis either because its cell respiratory rate is elevated or because photosynthetic rate is diminished. a. What is one potential reason why a plant may be forced to elevate its cell respiratory rate? b. What is one potential reason for why a plant may experience diminished photosynthetic rates? 65 1161_Ch_12_M....pptx
Answers can be kept very simple and concise Photosynthesis: A) Is NADPH consumed during the light reactions or Calvin cycle? What is it’s energy used to do? Protons move across the thylakoid membrane in both directions during the light reactions of photosynthesis. B) When protons move in to the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?) C) Since protons are charged, they cannot freely diffuse across a plasma membrane. What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons in to the thylakoid?
25/ 50 Which of the following is not true about near electron flow? A Photosystems I l are involved BPhotooxidation of chlorophyll a at the reaction center C Oxidation of NADPH D Electron flow through an electron transport chain E. Oxygen is released