Q#01. Answer the followings: (a) Distinguish between the coordination number and number of atoms per unit cell. Find out packing fraction for: (i) Simple cubic, (ii) body centered and face centered cubic unit cells.
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- 3. Show that in an ideal hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure, where the atomic spheres touch each other, the ratio c/a is given by :-()* ( 8 \ 1/2 = 1.633. (The hep structure is discussed in Section 7.) 4 The packing ratio is defined as the fraction of the total volume of the cell that is filled by atoms. Determine the maximum values of this ratio for equal spheres located at the points of simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic, and face-centered-cubic crystals.Define the following terms: (i) Single Crystalline, Polycrystalline and Amorphous materials, (ii) Lattice, basis and crystal structure,(iii) Bravais lattice. Distinguish between the coordination number and the number of atoms per unit cell. Find both these numbers for a simple cubic lattice, a body centered cubic lattice and a face centered cubic lattice. (a)In solid KCI the smallest distance between the centers of a. potassium ion and a chloride ion is 314 pm. Calculate the length of the edge of the unit cell and the density of KCI, assuming it has the same structure as sodium chloride.
- J: Choose an answer for the following items, The bonding among atoms in NaCl crystalline structure is i. ( (A) ionic. (B) metallic. (C) covalent. (D) Van der Waals. ii. For a BJT with VBg (0on) = 0.7 V and Vce (sat) = 0.3 V, the operation mode if Vgg = 1 V and Ver = 1 V is (A) cut off. (B) linear. (C) saturated. (D) reverse active. iii. (! or a step potential function at x = 0, the probability that a particle exists in the region x > 0 is (A) zero. (B) I. (C) larger than zero. (D) larger then 1. iv. potenual barrier. (A) lower than --., The forward applied bias voltage on the pn junction cannot be .. the built-in (B) greater than (C) equal to (D) twire v. ( -, If the lattice scattering is 3 cm /(V.S) and the ionized scattering is 4 cm /(V.S), then the total scattering is (A) 1.71 cm?/(V.S). (B) 7 cm/(V.S). (C) I cm/(V.S). (D) 0.58 cm/(V.S). ) The probability that an electron exists at the Fermi energy level is vi. (A) U.7. (В) 1. (C) zero. (D) 0.5. vii. The ratio of the effective…11. a) Determine which planes in an fcc structure have the highest density of atoms. b) Evaluate this density in atoms/cm² for Cu. 12. Repeat Problem 11 for Fe, which has a bcc structure. 13. Show that the maximum packing ratio in the diamond structure is n/3/16. [Hint: The structure may be viewed as two interpenetrating fcc lattices, arranged such that each atom is surrounded by four other atoms, forming a regular tetrahedron.]A sample of copper has a mass of 10.68 g when measured in air. It has a mass of 9.47 g when measured in water. Answer these three questions: How many atoms are in the sample? What is the simple volume of the space including and surrounding each atom? Assume the atoms are evenly distributed throughout the sample. That is no FCC, BCC, or HCP crystal structure. What is the diameter of each atom?
- 1. A model for the potential energy interaction between the two nitrogen atoms in the N2 molecule is proposed that has the form: v(4) = 4E, (4)* - ()'] 12 a. Find the position of the potential minimum and its value there, in terms of o and Eo, respectively. What do these parameters represent physically about the molecule? b. Draw a hand sketch of V(r) showing rmin, V(rmin) and where V crosses the r axis. c. If the atom is disturbed from its equilibrium by a small amount, show that the 7.56. frequency of oscillation is w = d. For molecular nitrogen, the bond length is 1.1 x 10-1°m, the bond (binding) energy is 9.79 eV (15.66 x 10-19 J), the mass is 14 amu = 23.38 x 10-27 kg. In the spectroscopy laboratory, this vibration is measured to be 8.8 x 1013 Hz. Is this a good model for the interatomic potential? (Recall o = 2n times frequency in Hz) where m is the mass of a nitrogen atom.A sample of copper has a mass of 10.68 g when measured in air. It has a mass of 9.47 g when measured in water. Answer these four questions: What is the density of the sample? How many atoms are in the sample? What is the simple volume of the space including and surrounding each atom? Assume the atoms are evenly distributed throughout the sample. That is no FCC, BCC, or HCP crystal structure. What is the diameter of each atom?The molecular binding energy is called the dissociation energy. It is the energy required to separate the atoms in a molecule. The dissociation energy of the NaCl molecule is 4.24 eV. Determine the fractional mass increase of the Na and Cl atoms when they are not bound together in NaCl. What is the mass increase for a mole of NaCl?
- The characteristic energy for KCl is 1.4105eV . (a) Determine for the KC1 molecule, (b) Find the separation distance between the K arid Cl atoms.Ignoring trace elements, a typical elemental composition (by mass) of the human body is as follows: 10.5 % H 66.3 % O 19.9 % C 3.3 % N Use these percentages, the molar mass values, Avogadro's number, and the atomic numbers to determine the total number of electrons (and protons) in a 73-kg human body (160 pounds). If these electrons and protons were placed 100 m apart (the distance of approximately one football field), then what would be the force of electrical attraction between them.6= TTC Kc (Exercise. Derivation?