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Science
Chemistry
Q Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done CH2CH3 ⚫CH2CH3 @ Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done
Q Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done CH2CH3 ⚫CH2CH3 @ Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done
BUY
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
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1 Chemical Foundations
2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions
3 Stoichiometry
4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry
5 Gases
6 Thermochemistry
7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity
8 Bonding: General Concepts
9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
10 Liquids And Solids
11 Properties Of Solutions
12 Chemical Kinetics
13 Chemical Equilibrium
14 Acids And Bases
15 Acid-base Equilibria
16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria
17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy
18 Electrochemistry
19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
20 The Representative Elements
21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry
22 Organic And Biological Molecules
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Chapter Questions
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Problem 1RQ: Characterize a system at chemical equilibrium with respect to each of the following a. the rates of...
Problem 2RQ: What is the law of mass action? Is it true that the value of K depends on the amounts of reactants...
Problem 3RQ: Consider the following reactions at some temperature: 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g)K=1.6105...
Problem 4RQ: What is the difference between K and Kp? When doc K = Kp for a reaction? When does K Kp for a...
Problem 5RQ: What are homogeneous equilibria? Heterogeneous equilibria? What is the difference in writing K...
Problem 6RQ: Distinguish between the terms equilibrium constant and reaction quotient. When Q = K, what does this...
Problem 7RQ: Summarize the steps for solving equilibrium problems (see the beginning of Section 12-6). In...
Problem 8RQ: A common type of reaction we will study is that having a very small K value (K 1). Solving for...
Problem 9RQ: What is Le Chteliers principle? Consider the reaction 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If this reaction is at...
Problem 10RQ: The only stress (change) that also changes the value of K is a change in temperature. For an...
Problem 1ALQ: Consider an equilibrium mixture of four chemicals (A, B, C, and D, all gases) reacting in a closed...
Problem 2ALQ: The boxes shown below represent a set of initial conditions for the reaction: Draw a quantitative...
Problem 3ALQ: For the reactionH2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g), consider two possibilities: (a) you mix 0.5 mole of each...
Problem 4ALQ: Given the reactionA(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g), consider the following situations: i. You have 1.3 M A and 0.8...
Problem 5ALQ: Consider the reaction A(g)+2B(g)C(g)+D(g) in a 1.0-L rigid flask. Answer the following questions for...
Problem 6ALQ: Consider the reactionA(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g). A friend asks the following: I know we have been told that...
Problem 7ALQ: Consider the following statements: Consider the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g),for which at equilibrium [A]...
Problem 8ALQ: Le Chteliers principle is stated (Section 12-7) as follows: If a change is imposed on a system at...
Problem 9ALQ: The value of the equilibrium constant K depends on which of the following (more than one answer may...
Problem 10ALQ: In Section 13.1 of your text, it is mentioned that equilibrium is reached in a closed system. What...
Problem 11ALQ: Explain why the development of a vapor pressure above a liquid in a closed container represents an...
Problem 12Q: Consider an initial mixture of N2 and H2 gases that can be represented as follows: The gases react...
Problem 13Q: Consider the following reaction: H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g) Amounts of H2O, CO, H2, and CO2 are put...
Problem 14Q: Consider the same reaction as in Question 11. In one experiment 1.0 mole of H2O(g) and 1.0 mole of...
Problem 15Q: Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 108. What does the magnitude of this...
Problem 16Q: Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.7 108 at a particular temperature. Will there...
Problem 17Q: Consider the following reaction at some temperature: H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g)K=2.0 Some molecules of...
Problem 18Q: Consider the following generic reaction: 2A2B(g)2A2(g)+B2(g) Some molecules of A2B are placed in a...
Problem 19Q: Explain the difference between K, Kp, and Q.
Problem 20Q: Consider the following reactions: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)andH2(g)+I2(s)2HI(g) List two property...
Problem 21Q: For a typical equilibrium problem, the value of K and the initial reaction conditions are given for...
Problem 22Q: Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the false statement(s). a. When a reactant...
Problem 23Q: Consider the reaction 2N2O(g) + O2(g) 4NO(g) Suppose the system is at equilibrium, and then an...
Problem 24Q: The reaction to prepare methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen CO(g)+H2(g)CH3OH(g) is...
Problem 25E: Write the equilibrium expression (K) for each of the following gas-phase reactions. a....
Problem 26E: Write the equilibrium expression (Kp) for each reaction in Exercise 21.
Problem 27E: At a given temperature, K = 1.3 102 for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) Calculate values of K for...
Problem 28E: For the reaction H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) Kp = 3.5 104 at 1495 K. What is the value of Kp for the...
Problem 29E: For the reaction 2NO(g)+2H2(g)N2(g)+2H2O(g) it is determined that, at equilibrium at a particular...
Problem 30E: At high temperatures, elemental nitrogen and oxygen react with each other to form nitrogen monoxide:...
Problem 31E: At a particular temperature, a 3.0-L flask contains 2.4 moles of Cl2, l.0 mole of NOCI, and 4.5 103...
Problem 32E: At a particular temperature a 2.00-L flask at equilibrium contains 2.80 104 mole of N2, 2.50 105...
Problem 33E: The following equilibrium pressures at a certain temperature were observed for the reaction...
Problem 34E: The following equilibrium pressures were observed at a certain temperature for the reaction...
Problem 35E: At 327c, the equilibrium concentrations are [CH3OH] = 0.15 M, [CO] = 0.24 M, and [H2] = 1.1 M for...
Problem 36E: At 1100 K, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) What is the value of K at this...
Problem 37E: Write expressions for K and Kp for the following reactions. a. 2NH3(g)+CO2(g)N2CH4O(s)+H2O(g) b....
Problem 38E: Write expressions for Kp for the following reactions. a. 2Fe(S)+32O2(g)Fe2O3(S) b....
Problem 39E: For which reactions in Exercise 33 is Kp equal to K
Problem 40E: For which reactions in Exercise 34 is Kp equal to K?
Problem 41E: The formation of glucose from water and carbon dioxide is an extremely important reaction for life...
Problem 42E: Consider the following reaction at a certain temperature: 4Fe(s)+3O2(g)2Fe2O3(s) An equilibrium...
Problem 43E: In a study of the reaction 3Fe(s)+4H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g) at 1200 K it was observed that when the...
Problem 44E: Consider the following reaction at 725C: C(s)+ CO2(g) 2CO(g) At equilibrium, a 4.50-L container has...
Problem 45E: The equilibrium constant is 0.0900 at 25C for the reaction H2O(g)+Cl2O(g)2HOCl(g) For which of the...
Problem 48E: Ethyl acetate is synthesized in a nonreacting solvent (not water) according to the following...
Problem 49E: For the reaction 2H2O(g)2H2(g)+O2(g) K = 2.4 103 at a given temperature. At equilibrium in a 2.0-L...
Problem 50E: The reaction 2NO(g)+Br2(g)2NOBr(g) has Kp = 109 at 25C. If the equilibrium partial pressure of Br2...
Problem 51E: A 1.00-L flask was filled with 2.00 moles of gaseous SO2 and 2.00 moles of gaseous NO2 and heated....
Problem 52E: A sample of S8(g) is placed in an otherwise empty rigid container at 1325 K at an initial pressure...
Problem 53E: At a particular temperature, 12.0 moles of SO3 is placed into a 3.0-L rigid container, and the SO3...
Problem 54E: At a particular temperature, 8.0 moles of NO2 is placed into a 1.0-L container and the NO2...
Problem 55E: An initial mixture of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas is reacted in a rigid container at a certain...
Problem 56E: Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (H2) to form ammonia (NH3). At 200C in a closed...
Problem 57E: At a particular temperature, K = 3.75 for the reaction SO2(g)+NO2(g)SO3(g)+NO(g) If all four gases...
Problem 59E: At 2200C, Kp = 0.050 for the reaction N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g) What is the partial pressure of NO in...
Problem 60E: At 25c, K = 0.090 for the reaction H2O(g)+Cl2O(g)2HOCI(g) Calculate the concentrations of all...
Problem 61E: At 1100 K, KP = 0.25 for the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) Calculate the equilibrium partial...
Problem 62E: At a particular temperature, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction N2O4(g)2NO2(g) a. A flask containing only...
Problem 63E: At 35C, K = 1.6 105 for the reaction 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) Calculate the concentrations of all...
Problem 64E: At o particular temperature, K = 4 .0 107 for the reaction N2O4(g)2NO2(g) In an experiment, 1.0...
Problem 65E: At a particular temperature, K = 2.0 106 for the reaction 2CO22CO(g)+O2(g) If 2.0 moles of CO2 is...
Problem 66E: Lexan is a plastic used to make compact discs, eyeglass lenses, and bulletproof glass. One of the...
Problem 67E: At 25C, Kp. = 2.9 103 for the reaction NH4OCONH2(s)2NH3(g)+CO2(g) In an experiment carried out at...
Problem 68E: A sample of solid ammonium chloride was placed in an evacuated container and then heated so that it...
Problem 71E: Suppose the reaction system UO2(s)+4HF(g)UF4(g)+2H2O(g) has already reached equilibrium. Predict the...
Problem 72E: Solid NH4HS decomposes by the following endothermic process: NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g) a. What...
Problem 73E: For the following reactions, predict whether the mole fraction of the reactants or products...
Problem 74E: Predict the shift in the equilibrium position that will occur for each of the following reactions...
Problem 75E: An important reaction in the commercial production of hydrogen is CO(g)+H2O(g)H2(g)+CO2(g) How will...
Problem 76E: What will happen to the number of moles of SO3 in equilibrium with SO2 and O2 in the reaction...
Problem 77E: In which direction will the position of the equilibrium 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g) be shifted for each of the...
Problem 78E: Hydrogen for use in ammonia production is produced by the reaction...
Problem 79E: Old-fashioned smelling salts consist of ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3. The reaction for the...
Problem 80E: Ammonia is produced by the Haber process, in which nitrogen and hydrogen are reacted directly using...
Problem 81AE
Problem 82AE: Given the following equilibrium constants at 427C,...
Problem 83AE: Consider the decomposition of the compound C5H6O3 as follows: C5H6O3(g)C2H6(g)+3CO(g) When a 5.63-g...
Problem 84AE: At 25C. Kp 1 1031 for the reaction a. Calculate the concentration of NO, in molecules/cm3, that can...
Problem 85AE: The gas arsine, AsH3, decomposes as follows: 2AsH3(g)2As(s)+3H2(g) In an experiment at a certain...
Problem 86AE: At a certain temperature, K = 9.1 10-4 for the reaction FeSCN2+(aq)Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq) Calculate the...
Problem 87AE: At a certain temperature, K = 1.1 l03 for the reaction Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq)FeSCN2+(aq) Calculate the...
Problem 88AE: For the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) at 600. K, the equilibrium constant, Kp, is 11.5. Suppose...
Problem 89AE: At 25C, gaseous SO2Cl2 decomposes to SO2(g) and Cl2(g) to the extent that 12.5% of the original...
Problem 90AE: For the following reaction at a certain temperature H2(g)+F2(g)2HF(g) it is found that the...
Problem 91AE: Novelty devices for predicting rain contain cobalt(II) chloride and are based on the following...
Problem 92AE: Consider the reaction Fe3+(aq)+SCN(aq)FeSCN2+(aq) How will the equilibrium position shift if a....
Problem 93AE: Chromium(VI) forms two different oxyanions, the orange dichromate ion, Cr2O72 , and the yellow...
Problem 94AE
Problem 95AE: Suppose K = 4.5 103 at a certain temperature for the reaction PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) If it is found...
Problem 96AE: For the reaction below, Kp = 1.16 at 800C. CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) If a 20.0-g sample of CaCO3 is put...
Problem 97AE: Many sugars undergo a process called mutarotation, in which the sugar molecules interconvert between...
Problem 98AE: Peptide decomposition is one of the key processes of digestion, where a peptide bond is broken into...
Problem 99AE: Methanol, a common laboratory solvent, poses a threat of blindness or death if consumed in...
Problem 100AE: At a particular temperature, K = 1.00 102 for the reaction H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) In an experiment, 1.00...
Problem 102CWP: An equilibrium mixture contains 0.60 g solid carbon and the gases carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide...
Problem 103CWP: At a particular temperature, 8.1 moles of NO2 gas is placed in n 3.0-L container. Over time the NO2...
Problem 104CWP: A sample of solid ammonium chloride was placed in an evacuated chamber and then heated, causing it...
Problem 105CWP: In a given experiment, 5.2 moles of pure NOCl was placed in an otherwise empty 2.0-L container....
Problem 106CWP: For the reactionN2O4(g)2NO2(g),Kp=0.25 at a certain temperature. If 0.040 atm of N2O4 is reacted...
Problem 107CWP: Consider the following exothermic reaction at equilibrium: N2(g)+2H2(g)2NH3(g) Predict how the...
Problem 108CWP: For the following endothermic reaction at equilibrium: 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) which of the following...
Problem 109CP: A 1.604-g sample of methane (CH4) gas and 6.400 g oxygen gas are scaled into a 2.50-L vessel at 411C...
Problem 110CP: A 4.72-g sample of methanol (CH3OH) was placed in an otherwise empty 1.00-L flask and heated to...
Problem 111CP: At 35C, K = 1.6 105 for the reaction 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If 2.0 moles of NO and 1.0 mole of Cl2...
Problem 112CP: Nitric oxide and bromine at initial partial pressures of 98.4 and 41.3 torr, respectively, were...
Problem 113CP: At 25C. Kp = 5.3 105 for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) When a certain partial pressure of NH3(g)...
Problem 114CP: Consider the reaction P4(g)2P2(g) where Kp = 1.00 101 at 1325 K. In an experiment where P4(g) is...
Problem 115CP: The partial pressures of an equilibrium mixture of N2O4(g) and NO2(g) are PN2O4=0.34 atm and...
Problem 116CP: At 125C, KP = 0.25 for the reaction 2NaHCO3(s)Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(g) A 1.00-L flask containing 10.0...
Problem 117CP: A mixture of N2, H2, and NH3 is at equilibrium [according to the equationN2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)] as...
Problem 118CP: Consider the decomposition equilibrium for dinitrogen pentoxide: 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)+O2(g) At a certain...
Problem 119CP: An 8.00-g sample of SO3 was placed in an evacuated container, where it decomposed at 600C according...
Problem 120CP: A sample of iron(II) sulfate was heated in an evacuated container to 920 K, where the following...
Problem 121CP
Problem 122CP: A sample of N2O4(g) is placed in an empty cylinder at 25c. After equilibrium is reached the total...
Problem 123CP: A sample of gaseous nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) was placed in a container tiued with a frictionless,...
Problem 124CP: The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction CCl4(g)C(s)+2Cl2(g) at 700C is 0.76. Determine the...
Problem 125IP: For the reaction NH3(g)+H2S(g)NH4HS(s) K = 400. at 35.0C. If 2.00 moles each of NH3, H2S, and NH4HS...
Problem 126IP: Given K = 3.50 at 45C for the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g) and K = 7.10 at 45C for the reaction...
Problem 127IP: In a solution with carbon tetrachloride as the solvent, the compound VCl4. undergoes dimerization:...
Problem 128IP: The hydrocarbon naphthalene was frequently used in mothballs until recently, when it was discovered...
Problem 129MP: A gaseous material XY(g) dissociates to some extent to produce X(g) and Y(g): XY(g)X(g)+Y(g) A...
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Choose the best reagents to complete the following reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:
Q Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done
Transcribed Image Text:
CH2CH3 ⚫CH2CH3 @ Q 1. LDA, -78 °C A 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, 25°C B 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. LDA, 100 °C C 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) 1. NaOCH2CH3, -78 °C D 2. CH3CH2Br (1 equiv) Done
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9.96 Most first aid "cold packs" are based on the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water: NH4NO3(s)NH4+(aq)+NO3(aq) H= 25.69 kJ A particular cold pack contains 50.0 g of NH4NO3 and 125.0 g of water. When the pack is squeezed, the NH4NO3dissolves in the water. If the pack and its contents are initially at 24.0°C, what is the lowest temperature that this bag could reach? (Assume that the ammonium nitrate solution has a specific heat of 4.25J g-l K-l, and that the heat capacity of the bag itself is small enough to be neglected.)
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what are the answers?
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The formation of hydrazine, N2H4, is N2(g) + 2H2(g)- N2H4(1) has the energy diagram shown. Which change will increase the value of K? Reaction coordinate Enthalpy
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What is Keg for the reaction 2S03(g) = 2S0,(g) + 02(g)? OA. K [So, f10,1 [So,P O B. Ke 2(SO,] 2[SO, ||0,] [So, F [SO, P10,1 C. Kea O D. K
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3. Write the Keq constant expression for each reaction below. a. 2CIF (g) + O2 (g) Cl₂O (g) + OF2 (g) b. 2AlCl3 (s) 3Cl2 (g) + 2Al(s) c. 2F2 (g) + O2 (g) 20F2 (g) d. 3NO2 (g) + H₂0 (1) 2HNO3 (aq) + NO (g)
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Please choose the correct expression and circle it.
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1.Physical or chemical change that occurs with no outside assistanceSuccessives ProcessesSpontaneous ProcessesChemical ProcessesTransient Processes2. Determine the “disorder of the system” NH3 (g) → NH3 (aq) NegativePositiveDecreaseIncrease3. When does “the measure of the disorder of a system” increase?greater product molecules than reactant moleculesTemperature decreasePhase Change form solid to gasWhen a substance is formed from parts4. Determine the “disorder of the system” FeS (s) → Fe2+(aq) + S2-(aq)Decrease Positive Negative Increase5. 4. In a________, changes occur to the fundamental particles of the nucleus of an individual atom which means that the atom changes from one element to another.Nuclear FissionChemical ReactionNuclear ReactionNeutral Reaction
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The equilibrium reaction of propyl alcohol (C3H,OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) resulting from the hydrolysis of propyl acetate (CH3COOC3H;) is given below. CH3COOC3H, + H20 CH3COOH + C3H5OH Which of the following is the equilibrium (K) constant? O a. K = [CH3COOHJ [C3H7OH] / [CH3COOC3H;] [H2O] O b. K = [CH§COOH] [C3H;OH] / [CH3COOC3H;] O c. K= [CH3CO0C3H7] [H20] / [CH3COOH] [C3H7OH] O d. K = [CH3COOC3H;] / [CH3COOH] [C3H;OH]
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7 4 (a) Calculate the value of Kc for the reaction: PC15 (2) PC13 (g) + Cl2 (g) AH = Positive Given that when 8.4 mol of PCls (g) is mixed with 1.8 mol of PC13 (g) and allowed to come to equilibrium in a 10 dm³ container the amount of PCls (g) at equilibrium is 7.2 mol. Kc = (b) Explain the effect of the following changes below on the value of Kc: (1) Increasing temperature (ii) Lowering the concentration of chlorine (Cl2) (iii) Addition of a catalyst
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Hh.201.
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At a specific temperature, the reaction: has Keq = 1.40 x 10-4. At the same temperature, determine Keq for the reaction:
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Place these in order of most likely to proceed to completion (products), where 1 is least likely and 4 is most likely. H4GEO4(aq)=H*(aq) + H3GEO4"(aq) Kc= 3.0 x 10-9 H2Te(aq) 2 H*(aq) + HTe (aq) K = 2.3 x 10-3 HBRO(aq) 2H*(aq) + BrO"(aq) Kc= 2.0 x 10-9 H5l06(aq) 2 H*(aq) + H4IO6¯(aq) Kc= 1.0 x 10-3
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