Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Purity of the ester: use the colour of the product and the information from the infrared spectrum to assess the purity of the ester. The color of product was yellow. Was orang Odour made with acetic acid on a 0.10 molar ratio and 1-Octanol 0.05 molar ratio.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
3500
3000
Orange ester
2018.39
2500
2000
Wavenumber cm-1
1466.25
1500
1000
500
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Transcribed Image Text:100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3500 3000 Orange ester 2018.39 2500 2000 Wavenumber cm-1 1466.25 1500 1000 500
Correlation Table for Infrared Spectroscopy
Frequency of Intensity/Shape
absorption
(cm-1)
3650-3590
3600-3200
3400-2400
3500-3300
3340-3270
3100-3000
2960-2850
Strong/sharp
2850-2810 and Medium/ sharp
2750-2700
2260-2220
2260-2100
Medium to strong/
sharp
Weak to medium/
sharp
Strong/sharp
Strong/sharp
Strong/sharp
Strong/sharp
1730-1680* Strong/sharp
1800 and 1750
1810-1760
1750-1730
1740-1680
1720-1680
1700-1630
Strong/sharp
Strong/broad
Strong/ very broad
Medium to strong/
sharp
Strong/sharp
1680-1620
Weak to medium
1600-1450
Strong/sharp
Strong/sharp
Bond/Class of
Compounds
O-H/ alcohols, phenols
O-H/ alcohols, phenols
O-H/ carboxylic acids
N-H/ 1° and 2° amines
and amides
C(sp)-H/ terminal
alkynes
C(sp²)-H/alkenes,
aromatic compounds
C(sp³)-H/ alkanes
C-H/ aldehydes
C=N/nitriles
C=C/ alkynes
C=0/anhydrides
C=0/ acid chlorides
C=0/esters
C=0/ aldehydes
C=0/ ketones
C=0/amides
Additional Comments
Weak to medium/
C=C/ alkenes
sharp
Variable intensity/ C=C aromatic
sharp
Free (not hydrogen bonded)
OH group
Hydrogen bonded OH group
Dimers of carboxylic acids
1° amines and amides give
two absorptions, 2⁰ - one
Usually two absorptions,
one-2820, another -2720
Might not be visible in internal
alkynes
Always two absorptions
Aliphatic: 1740-1720
Aromatic: 1720-1680
C=0/ carboxylic acids Dimer, 1720-1700 aliphatic,
1700-1680 aromatic
Aliphatic: 1730-1700
Aromatic: 1700-1680
1° and 2° amides 1700-1670,
3⁰-1670-1630
1640-1620 if a conjugated
double bond
* Angle strain in the carbonyl group, caused by the size of a small ring, increases the frequency of
the absorption position of the C=0 bond of cyclic ketones; in cyclohexanone the absorption shows
at 1715 cm-¹, in cyclopentanone at 1750 cm-¹, and in cyclobutanone at 1785 cm-¹.
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Transcribed Image Text:Correlation Table for Infrared Spectroscopy Frequency of Intensity/Shape absorption (cm-1) 3650-3590 3600-3200 3400-2400 3500-3300 3340-3270 3100-3000 2960-2850 Strong/sharp 2850-2810 and Medium/ sharp 2750-2700 2260-2220 2260-2100 Medium to strong/ sharp Weak to medium/ sharp Strong/sharp Strong/sharp Strong/sharp Strong/sharp 1730-1680* Strong/sharp 1800 and 1750 1810-1760 1750-1730 1740-1680 1720-1680 1700-1630 Strong/sharp Strong/broad Strong/ very broad Medium to strong/ sharp Strong/sharp 1680-1620 Weak to medium 1600-1450 Strong/sharp Strong/sharp Bond/Class of Compounds O-H/ alcohols, phenols O-H/ alcohols, phenols O-H/ carboxylic acids N-H/ 1° and 2° amines and amides C(sp)-H/ terminal alkynes C(sp²)-H/alkenes, aromatic compounds C(sp³)-H/ alkanes C-H/ aldehydes C=N/nitriles C=C/ alkynes C=0/anhydrides C=0/ acid chlorides C=0/esters C=0/ aldehydes C=0/ ketones C=0/amides Additional Comments Weak to medium/ C=C/ alkenes sharp Variable intensity/ C=C aromatic sharp Free (not hydrogen bonded) OH group Hydrogen bonded OH group Dimers of carboxylic acids 1° amines and amides give two absorptions, 2⁰ - one Usually two absorptions, one-2820, another -2720 Might not be visible in internal alkynes Always two absorptions Aliphatic: 1740-1720 Aromatic: 1720-1680 C=0/ carboxylic acids Dimer, 1720-1700 aliphatic, 1700-1680 aromatic Aliphatic: 1730-1700 Aromatic: 1700-1680 1° and 2° amides 1700-1670, 3⁰-1670-1630 1640-1620 if a conjugated double bond * Angle strain in the carbonyl group, caused by the size of a small ring, increases the frequency of the absorption position of the C=0 bond of cyclic ketones; in cyclohexanone the absorption shows at 1715 cm-¹, in cyclopentanone at 1750 cm-¹, and in cyclobutanone at 1785 cm-¹.
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