Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is a chemical division that evaluates the quantitative content of the chemical process with the help of the reacting molecules or products taking part in the reaction. The term “stoicheion” in “Stoichiometry”, is an old Greek term for "elem…
Question

Fischer Esterification

What is the experimental and theoretical percent yield? 

**Experiment 8: Fischer Esterification (Data Sheet)** **Running the reaction** - 1.20 mL of isopentyl alcohol and 1.70 mL of glacial acetic acid were placed in a 5 mL conical vial. - Three drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added. - An air condenser (cooled with a wet paper towel) was added and the mixture was gently refluxed for 60 minutes. - Upon cooling, two layers formed: the smaller layer making the bottom layer. **Product isolation** - After the removal of the air condenser, 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution was added; the mixture was gently mixed leading to foaming (CO₂ formation); the bottom layer was removed. - Two more extractions with 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution were performed, the last one barely leading to any bubble formation. - The organic layer was transferred to a clean test tube and dried over three microspatulas of anhydrous sodium sulfate. - The dry organic layer was transferred to a 3 mL conical vial; a Hickman head was attached and a thermometer placed inside the Hickman head. - The crude was distilled until only two drops remained in the vial. **Product characterization** - 1.05 g of the product. - B.p.: 138.5-141.5 °C. - Refractive index: nD¹⁸ = 1.3980.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Experiment 8: Fischer Esterification (Data Sheet)** **Running the reaction** - 1.20 mL of isopentyl alcohol and 1.70 mL of glacial acetic acid were placed in a 5 mL conical vial. - Three drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added. - An air condenser (cooled with a wet paper towel) was added and the mixture was gently refluxed for 60 minutes. - Upon cooling, two layers formed: the smaller layer making the bottom layer. **Product isolation** - After the removal of the air condenser, 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution was added; the mixture was gently mixed leading to foaming (CO₂ formation); the bottom layer was removed. - Two more extractions with 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution were performed, the last one barely leading to any bubble formation. - The organic layer was transferred to a clean test tube and dried over three microspatulas of anhydrous sodium sulfate. - The dry organic layer was transferred to a 3 mL conical vial; a Hickman head was attached and a thermometer placed inside the Hickman head. - The crude was distilled until only two drops remained in the vial. **Product characterization** - 1.05 g of the product. - B.p.: 138.5-141.5 °C. - Refractive index: nD¹⁸ = 1.3980.
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