PROBLEM 4-1. First person. Rewrite these sentences using first person instead of third person. 1. It is one of the goals of this paper to asses the limitations of the models used. 2. The authors thank Dr. T. J. Guiermo for useful discussions. 3. It is recommended by the authors of the present study that a triple regimen of antibiotics is given to infants with HIV. PROBLEM 4-2 Active and Passive Voice Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice. Condense them if you can. 1. The following results were obtained, 2. Isolated tissues were examined for parasites. 3. Recovery of several cytosine deaminases occurred after 2 days. PROBLEM 4-3 Active Versus Passive Voice Decide whether to use active or passive voice in the sentences in italics. Explain your answer. Deep Water Coral, also known as cold water coral, are most often stony corals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. One of the most common cold water corals is Lophelia pertusa. Fishing methods such as deep water trawling affect Lophelia pertusa negatively. These methods tend to break corals apart and destroy reefs. PROBLEM 4-4 Use of Tense Decide whether to use past or present tense in the following sentences. If there is more than one answer, explain why. 1. Recent work by deValt (2001) ____ (show) that nematodes _____ (reproduce) readily in the laboratory. 2. Bauman (1997) _____ (find) that this bacterium ____ (is) highly sensitive to pH. 3. ABSTRACT: The average voltage observed on our K electrodes _____ (be) substantially higher than expected under high pressure conditions. PROBLEM 4-5 Sentence Length Rewrite the following overlong or overloaded sentences by breaking them up into shorter sentences. Unlike the bits in classical computers, quantum bits are difficult to maintain in the desired state for even a fraction of a second, and it is a central scientific and engineering challenge to achieve long-lived qubits that still can be manipulated to change their states appropriately in the course of a computation. PROBLEM 4·6 Active Verbs Put the action in the verbs in the following sentences. 1. Measurements were performed on reaction products by a mass spectrometer. 2. An increase in transplant rejection occurred. 3. Removal of mitochondria was achieved by HPLC. 4. Buffalo, elephant, and black rhino abundance all show a rapid de-cline after 1977. 5. Two measurements of amyloid plaques were obtained for each brain. PROBLEM 4·7 Noun Clusters Untangle the noun clusters in the following sentences by adding the appropriate preposition(s) and other words as needed. Start at the end of the cluster and work your way to the beginning. 1. The negative penicillin skin test result group showed no allergic rash. 2. In 10 of the 15 patients, we observed a chronic depression syndrome. 3. Previous work suggested that vitamin A-rich fish oil diets protect mice against certain mosquitoes. PROBLEM 4-8 Pronouns The following sentences contain unclear pronouns. Improve the clarity of these sentences by repeating one or more words from the previous sen-tence, rearranging the sentence, or adding a category or implied term instead of the underlined pronoun. 1. When bacterial cells are cured of viruses, they become avirulent. 2. A few microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to phagocytic digestion. This is one reason why tuberculosis is difficult to cure. 3. Patients often suffer from infections of Corynebacterium and from toxins released by them. PROBLEM 4=9 Parallelism Correct the faulty parallelism in the following sentences. 1. The pathogenesis observed in other cells, such as circulating monocytes, may differ from endothelial cells. 2. The stability of these particles appears to be regulated by RNA helicase activity and protein phosphorylation. 3. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can cure in individuals with antibodies from previous dengue virus infections of different serotypes, and severe bleeding, shock and death results. PROBLEM 4-10 Comparisons. Correct the faulty comparisons in the following sentences. Avoid the overuse of "compared to", ambiguous comparisons and incomplete comparisons. 1. Thus the sequence observed for A appeared to be much more diverse compared to that of B. 2. In comparison to eubacteria, archebacteria are more ancient. 3. We observed a peak for mutant A that was higher than the other mutants. PROBLEM 4-11 Common Errors. Rewrite the following sentences such that they make sense. Ensure that the subject and verb make sense together, that the subject and verb agree, that no helping words are omitted, and that modifiers are clear. 1. Altogether we measured for 5 days. 2. This structure controls the packaging of the DNA into the phage head and the release after recognizing the receptor on the host. 3. The liver, gall bladder and spleen of each patient was examined.

PROBLEM 4-1. First person.
Rewrite these sentences using first person instead of third person.
1. It is one of the goals of this paper to asses the limitations of the models used.
2. The authors thank Dr. T. J. Guiermo for useful discussions.
3. It is recommended by the authors of the present study that a triple regimen of
antibiotics is given to infants with HIV.
PROBLEM 4-2 Active and Passive Voice
Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice. Condense them if you can.
1. The following results were obtained,
2. Isolated tissues were examined for parasites.
3. Recovery of several cytosine deaminases occurred after 2 days.
PROBLEM 4-3 Active Versus Passive Voice
Decide whether to use active or passive voice in the sentences in italics. Explain your answer.
Deep Water Coral, also known as cold water coral, are most often stony corals belonging to the
phylum Cnidaria. One of the most common cold water corals is Lophelia pertusa. Fishing
methods such as deep water trawling affect Lophelia pertusa negatively. These methods tend
to break corals apart and destroy reefs.
PROBLEM 4-4 Use of Tense
Decide whether to use past or present tense in the following sentences. If there is more than
one answer, explain why.
1. Recent work by deValt (2001) ____ (show) that nematodes _____ (reproduce) readily in
the laboratory.
2. Bauman (1997) _____ (find) that this bacterium ____ (is) highly sensitive to pH.
3. ABSTRACT: The average voltage observed on our K electrodes _____ (be) substantially
higher than expected under high pressure conditions.
PROBLEM 4-5 Sentence Length
Rewrite the following overlong or overloaded sentences by breaking them up into shorter
sentences.
Unlike the bits in classical computers, quantum bits are difficult to maintain in the desired state
for even a fraction of a second, and it is a central scientific and engineering challenge to achieve
long-lived qubits that still can be manipulated to change their states appropriately in the course
of a computation.
PROBLEM 4·6 Active Verbs
Put the action in the verbs in the following sentences.
1. Measurements were performed on reaction products by a mass spectrometer.
2. An increase in transplant rejection occurred.
3. Removal of mitochondria was achieved by HPLC.
4. Buffalo, elephant, and black rhino abundance all show a rapid de-cline after 1977.
5. Two measurements of amyloid plaques were obtained for each brain.
PROBLEM 4·7 Noun Clusters
Untangle the noun clusters in the following sentences by adding the appropriate
preposition(s) and other words as needed. Start at the end of the cluster and work your way
to the beginning.
1. The negative penicillin skin test result group showed no allergic rash.
2. In 10 of the 15 patients, we observed a chronic depression syndrome.
3. Previous work suggested that vitamin A-rich fish oil diets protect mice against certain
mosquitoes.
PROBLEM 4-8 Pronouns
The following sentences contain unclear pronouns. Improve the clarity of these sentences by
repeating one or more words from the previous sen-tence, rearranging the sentence, or
adding a category or implied term instead of the underlined pronoun.
1. When bacterial cells are cured of viruses, they become avirulent.
2. A few microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to phagocytic
digestion. This is one reason why tuberculosis is difficult to cure.
3. Patients often suffer from infections of Corynebacterium and from toxins released by
them.
PROBLEM 4=9 Parallelism
Correct the faulty parallelism in the following sentences.
1. The pathogenesis observed in other cells, such as circulating monocytes, may differ from
endothelial cells.
2. The stability of these particles appears to be regulated by RNA helicase activity and
protein phosphorylation.
3. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can cure in individuals with antibodies from previous dengue
virus infections of different serotypes, and severe bleeding, shock and death results.
PROBLEM 4-10 Comparisons.
Correct the faulty comparisons in the following sentences. Avoid the overuse of "compared
to", ambiguous comparisons and incomplete comparisons.
1. Thus the sequence observed for A appeared to be much more diverse compared to that
of B.
2. In comparison to eubacteria, archebacteria are more ancient.
3. We observed a peak for mutant A that was higher than the other mutants.
PROBLEM 4-11 Common Errors.
Rewrite the following sentences such that they make sense. Ensure that the subject and verb
make sense together, that the subject and verb agree, that no helping words are omitted, and
that modifiers are clear.

1. Altogether we measured for 5 days.
2. This structure controls the packaging of the DNA into the phage head and the release
after recognizing the receptor on the host.
3. The liver, gall bladder and spleen of each patient was examined.