Problem 3. Val and Earl are at work on a very hot afternoon. There is a job waiting for them. It takes only one person to do the job. The one who does it must crawl through a mucky culvert to connect a pipe. Once the pipe is connected, they can both go to a comfortable tavern for a beer. The game tree is shown below, where at the terminal nodes, the top number is Val's payoff and the bottom number is Earl's payoff. Val Do it Stall V 5 E 10 Earl Do it Stall 9 Val 4 Do it Stall 38 Earl Do it Stall 7 Val Do it Stall Earl 110 Do it Leave it 5 0 X X At the beginning of play, Earl is working on another job, but Val could do the job and if he does it right away, they can both go out for beer. Val could choose to stall, waiting for Earl to come back. If Val decides to stall, then when Earl gets back, he could do the job, or he could stall. If Earl chooses to stall, Val could either do the job, or stall again, and so on... If Val and Earl both stall until Earl's final decision node at the end of the workday, Earl can either do the job, or they can both leave the job undone. The payoffs to both from leaving the job undone are given by the variable X. C) Find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium profile if X < 0. In this equilibrium, who if anyone, does the job? Explain your answer. D) Find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium profile if 0 < x < 1. In this equilibrium, who if anyone, does the job? Explain your answer. E) Find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium profile if 1 < X < 2. In this equilibrium, who if anyone, does the job? Explain your answer.

Consider the following game played by four individuals, players 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each individual has $10,000. Each player can donate between $0 and $10,000 to build a public park that costs $20,000. If they collect enough money, they construct the park, which is worth $9,000 to each of them. However, if they collect less than $20,000, they cannot build a park. Furthermore, regardless of whether the park is built or not, individuals lose any donations that they make. a) Describe the Nash equilibria for a simultaneous game. What makes them equilibria? Hint: There are many equilibria, so you may want to use a mathematical expression! b) Suppose that players 1, 2, and 3, each donate $4,000 for the park. How much will player 4 donate and why. What are the resulting payoffs for the players? c) Suppose instead that player 1 donated first, player 2 second, player 3 third, and player 4 last. Furthermore, players could only donate in intervals of 1,000 (0, $1,000, $2,000, etc.). How much will…

Taylor, Faith, Jay, and Jessica are college roommates. They're trying to decide where the four of them should go for spring break: Orlando or Las Vegas. If they order the tickets by 11:00 PM on February 1, the cost will be just $500 per person. If they miss that deadline, the cost rises to $1,200 per person. The following table shows the benefit (in dollar terms) that each roommate would get from the two trips. Roommate Taylor Benefit from Orlando Benefit from Las Vegas Faith $1,250 $800 $550 $800 Jay Jessica $650 $600 $850 $1,050 The roommates tend to put off making decisions. So, when February 1 rolls around and they still haven't made a decision, they schedule a vote for 10:00 PM that night. In case of a tie, they will flip a coin between the two vacation destinations. The roommates will get the most total benefit if they choose to go to Given the individual benefits each roommate receives from the two trips, which trip will each roommate vote for? Fill in the table with each…

38. Consider the following game. There are ten churches in town: nine are Catholic and one is Eastern Orthodox. All churches conduct their divine services at 10am on Sunday morning. You and your friend, without communication, agree to meet at a church service. If you fail to meet at the same church, then you are sad and become a Doomer. What is this game's focal point? Remember that you cannot communicate about this. (A) You meet at any of the Catholic churches. (B) You meet at any of the churches – denomination does not matter. We're all the same bro. (C) You meet at the Orthodox church. (D) There is no focal point. 39. Consider a fractional-reserve banking system in which an initial deposit of $1,000 can generate up to $4,000 in money. What is the reserve ratio? (A) 4 percent. (B) 5 percent. (C) 25 percent. (D) 75 percent.

Consider the following game. You will roll a fair, 6-sided die either once or twice. You decide whether to do the second roll after you see how the first one lands. The payoff is $n, where n is the outcome of the last roll. For example, if the first roll lands 4 and the second lands 2, you win $2. If you only do one roll and it lands 4, you win $4. Suppose you make your decision about whether to go for a second roll based on expected monetary value. Then you will go for a second roll if (and only if) the first roll lands x or lower. What is x?

Superstore (S) and Megastore (M) are two competing discount supermarkets.  If neither store advertises, S makes $115 in profits and M makes $165.  If both stores advertise, S makes $80 and M makes $95.  If M advertises and S does not, they make $305 and $55 respectively.  If S advertises and M does not, they make $285 and $65 respectively.  Based on Game Theory, what will the two firms do?  Hint: illustrate the Nash equilibrium to support your answer.

Table 9-03. Suppose you are a general in the army. Your country is at war. You are trying to invade the enemy. You can attack on the enemys east coast or the west coast. The enemy has only enough troops to defend one coast. The payoff matrix below represents whether you or the enemy wins (represented by 1) or loses (represented by 0). Enemy Defend east coast Defend west coast Enemy: 1 Enemy: 0 Attack east coast You: 0 You: 1 You Enemy: 0 Enemy: 1 Attack west coast You: 1 You: 0 Refer to Table 9-03. To win the war, O a. you must attack the west coast, only if you have credible information that the enemy is defending the east coast. O b. you must attack the west coast, and information about whether the enemy is defending the east or the west coast is irrelevant to you. c. you must attack the west coast, only if you have credible information that the enemy is defending the west coast. d. you must never attack the west coast, and information about whether the enemy is defending the east or…

Player 1 can stay at home or fly to New York, in which case Player 2 can meet Player 1, who can then buy a drink for Player 2. See the game below. Which of the following completely describes a possible strategy for Player 1? 1 Fly to New York Stay home Stay home Stay home and Don't buy drink Fly to New York and Meet Stay home or Fly to New York 2 Meet Don't meet 0,0 1 Buy drink Don't buy drink -2,0 1,2 -1, -1

Two discount stores (Megastore and Superstore) are interested in expanding their market share through advertising. The table below depicts the strategic outcomes (profits) of both stores with and without advertising. Superstore - Advertise Superstore - Don't Advertise Megastore - Advertise $95, $80 $305, $55 Megastore - Don't Advertise $65, $285 $165, $115 When the game does reach Nash Equilibrium, the payoffs for both stores will be a) Megastore $95 and Superstore $80 b) Megastore $305 and Superstore $55 c) Megastore $65 and Superstore $285 d) Megastore $165 and Superstore $115

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