Problem 2.1CYU: Check Your Understanding The recommended daily amount of vitamin B3 or niacin, C6NH5 O2, for women... Problem 2.2CYU: Check Understanding The density of in a Classroom ( p=1.00 and T=20C ) is 1.28 kg/m3. At what... Problem 2.3CYU: Check Your Understanding Liquids and solids have densities on the order of 1000 greater than gases.... Problem 2.4CYU: Check Your Understanding If you consider a very small object, such as a grain of pollen, in a gas,... Problem 2.5CYU: Check Your Understanding Which has a longer mean free path, liquid water or water vapor in the air? Problem 2.6CYU: Check Your Understanding Suppose 2 moles of helium gas at 200 K are mixed with 2 moles gas at 400 K... Problem 1CQ: Two H2 molecules can react with one O2 molecule to produce two H2O molecules. How many moles of... Problem 2CQ: Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to behave significantly differently than predicted... Problem 3CQ: A constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed amount of gas. What property of the gas is... Problem 4CQ: Inflate a balloon at room temperature. Leave the inflated balloon in the refrigerator overnight.... Problem 5CQ: In the last chapter, free convection was explained as the result of buoyant forces on hot fluids.... Problem 6CQ: How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by a gas? Explain on the molecular level,... Problem 7CQ: If one kind of molecule has double the radius of another and eight times the mass, how do their mean... Problem 8CQ: What is the average velocity of the air molecules in the room where you are right now? Problem 9CQ: Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are much more massive and... Problem 10CQ: Statistical mechanics says that in a gas maintained at a constant temperature through thermal... Problem 11CQ: Which is more dangerous, a closet where tanks of nitrogen are stored, or one where tanks of carbon... Problem 12CQ: Experimentally it appears that many polyatomic molecules' vibrational degrees of freedom can... Problem 13CQ: One might think that the internal energy of diatomic gases is given by Eint=5RT/2 . Do diatomic... Problem 14CQ: You mix 5 moles of H2 at 300 K with 5 moles of He at 360 K in a perfectly insulated calorimeter. Is... Problem 15CQ: One cylinder contains helium gas and another contains krypton gas at the same temperature. Mark each... Problem 16CQ: Repeat the previous question if one gas is still helium but the other is changed to fluorine, F2. Problem 17CQ: An ideal gas is at a temperature of 300 K. To double the average speed of its molecules, what does... Problem 18P: The gauge pressure in your car tires is 2.50105N/m2 at a temperature of 35.0 when you drive it onto... Problem 19P: Suppose a gas-filled incandescent light bulb is manufactured so that the gas inside the bulb is at... Problem 20P: People buying food in sealed bags at high elevations often notice that the bags are puffed up... Problem 21P: How many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas (M = 28.0 g/mol)? (b) 10.0 g of CO2 gas (M = 44.0... Problem 22P: A cubic container of volume 2.00 L holds 0.500 mol of nitrogen gas at a temperature of 25.0 . What... Problem 23P: Calculate the number of moles in the 2.00-L volume of air in the lungs of the average person. Note... Problem 24P: An airplane passenger has 100 cm3 of air in his stomach just before the plane takes off from a... Problem 25P: A company advertises that it delivers helium at a gauge pressure of 1.72107 Pa in a cylinder of... Problem 26P: According to http:hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solar/venusenv.html, the atmosphere of Venus... Problem 27P: An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure as low as 1.00107 N/m2 at 20.0 . How many... Problem 28P: The number density N/V of gas molecules at a certain location in the space above our planet is about... Problem 29P: A bicycle tire contains 2.00 L of gas at an absolute pressure of 7.00105 N/m2 and a temperature of... Problem 30P: In a common demonstration, a bottle is heated and stoppered with a hard-boiled egg that's a little... Problem 31P: A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 14107 N/m2 and a... Problem 32P: Find the number of moles in 2.00 L of gas at 35.0 and under 7.41107 N/m2 of pressure. Problem 33P: Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of table tennis balls would cover Earth. Each ball... Problem 34P: (a) What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0 cc car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0-L volume?... Problem 35P: A person hits a tennis ball with a mass of 0.058 kg against a wall. The average component of the... Problem 36P: A person is in a closed room (a racquetball court) with v=453 m3 hitting a ball (m 42.0 g) around at... Problem 37P: Five bicyclists are riding at the following speeds: 5.4 m/s, 5.7 m/s, 5.8 m/s, 6.0 m/s, and 6.5 m/s.... Problem 38P: Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is vrms for argon atoms near the... Problem 39P: Typical molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at low temperatures. What is vrms for helium atoms... Problem 40P: What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the 5500 surface of the Sun? (b)... Problem 41P: What is the ratio of the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule at a... Problem 42P: What is the total translational kinetic energy of the air molecules in a room of volume 23 m3 if the... Problem 43P: The product of the pressure and volume of a sample of hydrogen gas at 0.00 is 80.0 J. (a) How many... Problem 44P: What is the gauge pressure inside a tank of 4.86104 mol of compressed nitrogen with a volume of 6.56... Problem 45P: If the rms speed of oxygen molecules inside a refrigerator of volume 22.0 ft.3 is 465 m/s, what is... Problem 46P: The escape velocity of any object from Earth is 11.1 km/s. At what temperature would oxygen... Problem 47P: The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than that from the Earth, only 2.38 km/s. At what... Problem 48P: Nuclear fusion, the energy solute of Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more... Problem 49P: Suppose that the typical speed (vrms) of carbon dioxide molecules (molar mass is 44.0 g/mol) in a... Problem 50P: (a) Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to 2.016 g/mol) have vrms equal to 193 m/s. What is the... Problem 51P: There are two important isotopes of uranium, U235 and U238 ; these isotopes are nearly identical... Problem 52P: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is about 470 Pa when the total pressure in the... Problem 53P: Dry air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon by mole, with trace amounts... Problem 54P: (a) Using data from the previous problem, find the mass of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in 1 mol of... Problem 55P: (a) Given that air is 21% oxygen, find the minimum atmospheric pressure that gives a relatively safe... Problem 56P: (a) If the partial pressure of water vapor is 8.05 torr, what is the dew point? (760 torr = I atm... Problem 57P: To give a helium atom nonzero angular momentum requires about 21.2 eV of energy (that is, 21.2 eV is... Problem 58P: (a) How much heat must be added to raise the temperature of 1.5 mol of air 25.0 to 33.0 at... Problem 59P: A sealed, rigid container of 0.560 mol of an unknown ideal gas at a temperature of 30.0 is cooled... Problem 60P: A sample of neon gas (Ne, molar mass M=20.2 g/mol) at a temperature of 13.0 is put into a steel... Problem 61P: A steel container of mass 135 g contains 24.0 g of ammonia, NH3, which has a molar mass of 17.0... Problem 62P: A sealed room has a volume of 24 m3. It's filled with air, which may be assumed to be diatomic, at a... Problem 63P: Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, is sometimes given to hospital patients who have trouble... Problem 64P: Professional divas sometimes use heliox, consisting of 79% helium and 21% oxygen by mole. Suppose a... Problem 65P: In car racing, one advantage of mixing liquid nitrous oxide (N2O) with air is that the boiling of... Problem 66P: In a sample of hydrogen sulfide ( M=34.1 g/mol) at a temperature of 3.00102 K, estimate the ratio of... Problem 67P: Using the approximation v1v1+v f(v)dvf(v1)v for small v , estimate the fraction of nitrogen... Problem 68P: Using the method of the preceding problem, estimate the fraction of nitric oxide (NO) molecules at a... Problem 69P: By counting squares in the following figure, estimate the fraction of argon atoms at T = 300 K that... Problem 70P: Using a numerical integration method such as Simpson's rule, find the fraction of molecules in a... Problem 71P: Find (a) the most probable speed, (b) the average speed, and (c) the rms speed for nitrogen... Problem 72P: Repeat the preceding problem for nitrogen molecules at 295 K. Problem 73P: At what temperature is the average speed of carbon dioxide molecules ( M=44.0 g/mol) 510 m/s? Problem 74P: The most probable speed for molecules of a gas at 296 K is 263 m/s. What is the molar mass of the... Problem 75P: a) At what temperature do oxygen molecules have the same average speed as helium atoms ( M=4.00... Problem 76AP: In the deep space between galaxies, the density of molecules (which are mostly single atoms) can be... Problem 77AP: (a) Find the density in SI units of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20 , assuming... Problem 78AP: The air inside a hot-air balloon has a temperature of 370 K and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, the same as... Problem 79AP: When an air bubble rises from the bottom to the top of a freshwater lake, its volume increases by... Problem 80AP: (a) Use the ideal gas equation to estimate the temperature at which 1.00 kg of steam (molar mass... Problem 81AP: One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon dioxide ( M=44.0 g/mol) at a molar density of... Problem 82AP: On a winter day when the air temperature is 0 , the relative humidity is 50%. Outside air comes... Problem 83AP: On a warm day when the air temperature is 30 , a metal can is slowly cooled by adding bits of ice to... Problem 84AP: (a) People often think of humid air as "heavy." Compare the densities of air with 0% relative... Problem 85AP: The mean flee path for helium at a certain temperature and pressure is 2.10107 m. The radius of a... Problem 86AP: The mean free path for methane at a temperature of 269 K and a pressure of 1.11105 Pa is 4.81108 m.... Problem 87AP: In the chapter on fluid mechanics, Bernoulli's equation for the flow of incompressible fluids was... Problem 88AP: Find the total number of collisions between molecules in 1.00 s in 1.00 L of nitrogen gas at... Problem 89AP: (a) Estimate the specific heat capacity of sodium from the Law of Dulong and Petit. The molar mass... Problem 90AP: A sealed, perfectly insulated container contains 0.630 mol of air at 20.0 and an iron stirring bar... Problem 91AP: Find the ratio f(vp)/f(vrms) for hydrogen gas ( M=2.02 g/mol) at a temperature of 77.0 K. Problem 92AP: Unreasonable results. (a) Find the temperature of 0.360 kg of water, modeled as an ideal gas, at a... Problem 93AP: Unreasonable results. (a) Find the sped of hydrogen sulfide, H2S, molecules at a temperature of 250... Problem 94CP: An airtight dispenser for drinking water is 25 cm × 10 cm in horizontal dimensions and 20 cm tall.... Problem 95CP: Eight bumper cars, each with a mass of 322 kg. are running in a room 21.0 m long and 130 m wide.... Problem 96CP: Verify that vp=2kBTm.` Problem 97CP: Verify the normalization equation 0f(v)dv=1 In doing the integral, first make substitution... Problem 98CP: Verify that v=8kBTm. Make the same scaling transformation as in the preceding problem.` Problem 99CP: Verify that vrms=v2=3kBTm.` format_list_bulleted
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