Problem 21: Design a RC low-pass filter to have a cutoff frequency of 500 Hz using a resistor of 1.2 kn. Then, sketch the resulting magnitude and phase plot for a frequency range of 0.1f to 10fe, where fe denotes the cutoff frequency.

Discuss the concept of smart grids and their role in improving the efficiency and reliability of power systems.

1. Using Thevenin’s Theorem a. Consider the circuit of Figure 11.1 using E = 10 volts, R1 = 3.3 k, R2 = 6.8 k, R3 = 4.7 k and R4 (RLoad) = 8.2 k. This circuit may be analyzed using standard series-parallel techniques. Determine the voltage across the load, R4. Repeat the process using 2.2 k for R4. b. Determine the Thevenin voltage of the circuit of Figure 11.1 by finding the open circuit output voltage. That is, replace the load with an open and calculate the voltage produced between the two open terminals. c. To calculate the Thevenin resistance, first remove the load and then replace the source with its internal resistance (ideally, a short). Finally, determine the combination series-parallel resistance as seen from the where the load used to be. d. Consider the Thevenin equivalent of Figure 11.2 using the theoretical ETH and RTH from step c. along with 8.2 k for the load (RL). Calculate the load voltage. Repeat the process for a 2.2 k load.

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