Present the comparison of cardio selective and non-selective beta-blockers most commonly used for treatment of hypertension.

.     This question is about the NICE treatment algorithm for hypertension in patients under 55 years. 1) Which cardiodynamic parameter is reduced by the drug added at step 2? 2) Increased clearance of which major extracellular cation into the urine along with water is expected after addition of the drug class in step 3. 3) Antagonism at which receptor is suggested by inclusion of a drug in step 4?

Describe the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides, such as digitalis.

A patient with chronic-stable angina begins taking metoprolol, and once blood levels reach the therapeutic range the frequency and severity of angina attacks and the need for sublingual nitroglycerin were reduced. Which of the following states the direct pharmacologic action by which the beta-blocker produced the desired effects? Decreased myocardial oxygen demand Dilated coronary vasculature Directly inhibited angiotensin II synthesis Reduced total peripheral resistance