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possible evolution of the genes that “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” represent

possible evolution of the genes that “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” represent

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Instructions: Here is some information about the sequences: All these sequences, “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” are in the same subfamily or “clade” of a large phylogenetic alignment of all Rab proteins in these three species (see “Figure 1.pdf”,which is the second image, for a full view of gene family in humans, plants and yeast, see the “D” branch towards the bottom of the tree in Figure 1). “SEQUENCE_28” is a different Rab protein (actually it is the Rab39 protein at the bottom of the tree). “SEQUENCE_21” is from yeast. “SEQUENCE_22” to “SEQUENCE_25” are from the plant, Arabidopsis. “SEQUENCE_26” and “SEQUENCE_27” are from humans. Question: Based on the information above, what can you speculate about the possible evolution of the genes that “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” represent?
Arabidopsis Mammal S.c. S. p. RabF1 RabF1, ARA6, associated with putative endosomal compartments. -RabF1 99 -Rab22a Raba2b Rab22 Rab22, associated with endosomes. 100 Rab2a RabF2.b Raba RabF2b, associated with putative endosomal compartments. 99 CRabsc Rabsb Ypts1 70 RabF2 Rab5 Ypt51/52/53 Ypt5 Rab 5, transport from PM to early endosomes and early endosome fusion 53 Ypt53 Ypt51, transport from PM to early endosomes and between endosomal compartments F -Ypt52 "Rah21 Associated with apical PM in epithelial cells Rab17, transcytosis in epithelial cells Rab21 Ypt10 Rabno Rab24 Ypt10 Rab17 RabG2 RabG1 - Rab02 RabG1 52- RabG3.b -Rab03a Rab03 ScYpt7, late-endosome to vacuole and vacuole fusion Rab3d LRab03.c Rab G3 Rab7 Ypt7 Ypt7 61 Rab7, late endosome to lysosome 84 Rab? Ypt7 Rabe Rabs Rab32 Rab9, late endosome to trans-Golgi network Rab32 -Rab Rabas Rab33 Rab38 Rab29 Rab23 Rab2 Kab28 Raht Rab23 "Rab20 Rab28 Rab34 FRab36 G RabH14 RabH1.e E 72 -RabH1.e RabH1a Ypt6, endosome to Golgi Rab H1 Rab6 Ypt6 Ryh1 -RabH1.b 100 rRaba Rablo Rab6A, retrograde traffic within the Golgi and from TGN and Golgi to ER 99 Rab6A', retrograde traffic from early endosome to TGN H Ypt6 C -RabA1.d RabA1.e RabA1.b RabA1a 72 FRabA1 RabA19 RabATI RabA1.h FRabA1e Rab A1 RabA2e RabAd -RabA2.b RabA2.a 100 CRabtta Rab11, transport from recycling endosomes to PM, and between endosomes and Golgi Rab A2 Rab11 Ypt31/32 Ypt3 Rab116 Ypt31/32, transport from late Golgi and to endosomes and PM 100Ypt31 CYpt32 Rab25 Rab25 Rab25, transport through recycling endosomes F RabAd ? RabA4.e 59 72 Rab A4 PsRabA4 (Pra3) localised to post-Gogi prevacuolar compartments; distinct from PsRabA3 RabAde RabA4.a RabA3 Rab A3 PsRabA3 (Pra2) localised to post-Gogi prevacuolar compartments; distinct from PsRabA4 68 100 RabA6.a Rab A6 RabA6.b RabAS.e A FRabAS.d -RabAS. RabAS 93 Rab A5 AfRabA5.c (ARA4) localised to Golgi and adjacent vesicles RabASa Rab33a Rab33b Golgi associated Golgi associated Rab33 Rab30 Rab19 100CRac RabC2.b Rab30 Rab19 92 Rab C2 77 -RabC1 "Rab18 Rab18 associated with endosomes, especially in epithelial cells (recycling to PM?) Rab C1 Rab18 Rab01 Rab D1 72HRaboze Rab02.b 97cRabta RabD2a Rabib Ypt1 Rab3s SeYpt1, ER to Golgi transport and early intra-Golgi transport Rab1, ER to intermediate-compartment/VTC and early intra-Golgi transport RabD2a, ER to Golgi transport 87 Rab D2 Rab1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Rab35 98CRabE1.e RabE1.b 100 RASP Sec4, Golgi to PM (bud site) Ypt2, Golgi to PM RabE1a 188-RabE1.d Rabl1e E Rab E1 Rabs Sec4 Ypt2 Rab8, Golgi to basolateral PM in epithelial cells and regulated secretory granule exocytosis Secd -Rabba Rabb Rabte Rab13 Rab26 Rab37 Rab13 Rab10 Rab26 Rab37 Rab12 Associated with PM at tight junctions in epithelial cells Golgi associated Associated with secretory granules Associated with secretory granules Golgi associated Rab12 Rab3a Rabe Rab3 Regulated secretion in neurones and neuroendocrine cells LM Rab Rabad -Rab27a Rab27b Rab27 Melanosome transport in melanocytes Antagonist of endocytosis at PM Rab15 Rab15 "Rab40a Rab40b Rab40 RabB1.b 57 h 97 RabB1.e RabB1.a Rab2, maturation of VTC (recycling from VTC to ER?) and intra Golgi traffic AIRabB1b and tobacco homologue Golgi localised; required for ER-Golgi traffic in pollen tubes Rab B1 Rab2 66 "Rab2 Rabla Rab4b Rab4 BL77 Rab4, recycling from early endosome to PM Rab14, phagosome associated Rab14 Rab14 Rab39 Rab39 10 changes
Transcribed Image Text:Arabidopsis Mammal S.c. S. p. RabF1 RabF1, ARA6, associated with putative endosomal compartments. -RabF1 99 -Rab22a Raba2b Rab22 Rab22, associated with endosomes. 100 Rab2a RabF2.b Raba RabF2b, associated with putative endosomal compartments. 99 CRabsc Rabsb Ypts1 70 RabF2 Rab5 Ypt51/52/53 Ypt5 Rab 5, transport from PM to early endosomes and early endosome fusion 53 Ypt53 Ypt51, transport from PM to early endosomes and between endosomal compartments F -Ypt52 "Rah21 Associated with apical PM in epithelial cells Rab17, transcytosis in epithelial cells Rab21 Ypt10 Rabno Rab24 Ypt10 Rab17 RabG2 RabG1 - Rab02 RabG1 52- RabG3.b -Rab03a Rab03 ScYpt7, late-endosome to vacuole and vacuole fusion Rab3d LRab03.c Rab G3 Rab7 Ypt7 Ypt7 61 Rab7, late endosome to lysosome 84 Rab? Ypt7 Rabe Rabs Rab32 Rab9, late endosome to trans-Golgi network Rab32 -Rab Rabas Rab33 Rab38 Rab29 Rab23 Rab2 Kab28 Raht Rab23 "Rab20 Rab28 Rab34 FRab36 G RabH14 RabH1.e E 72 -RabH1.e RabH1a Ypt6, endosome to Golgi Rab H1 Rab6 Ypt6 Ryh1 -RabH1.b 100 rRaba Rablo Rab6A, retrograde traffic within the Golgi and from TGN and Golgi to ER 99 Rab6A', retrograde traffic from early endosome to TGN H Ypt6 C -RabA1.d RabA1.e RabA1.b RabA1a 72 FRabA1 RabA19 RabATI RabA1.h FRabA1e Rab A1 RabA2e RabAd -RabA2.b RabA2.a 100 CRabtta Rab11, transport from recycling endosomes to PM, and between endosomes and Golgi Rab A2 Rab11 Ypt31/32 Ypt3 Rab116 Ypt31/32, transport from late Golgi and to endosomes and PM 100Ypt31 CYpt32 Rab25 Rab25 Rab25, transport through recycling endosomes F RabAd ? RabA4.e 59 72 Rab A4 PsRabA4 (Pra3) localised to post-Gogi prevacuolar compartments; distinct from PsRabA3 RabAde RabA4.a RabA3 Rab A3 PsRabA3 (Pra2) localised to post-Gogi prevacuolar compartments; distinct from PsRabA4 68 100 RabA6.a Rab A6 RabA6.b RabAS.e A FRabAS.d -RabAS. RabAS 93 Rab A5 AfRabA5.c (ARA4) localised to Golgi and adjacent vesicles RabASa Rab33a Rab33b Golgi associated Golgi associated Rab33 Rab30 Rab19 100CRac RabC2.b Rab30 Rab19 92 Rab C2 77 -RabC1 "Rab18 Rab18 associated with endosomes, especially in epithelial cells (recycling to PM?) Rab C1 Rab18 Rab01 Rab D1 72HRaboze Rab02.b 97cRabta RabD2a Rabib Ypt1 Rab3s SeYpt1, ER to Golgi transport and early intra-Golgi transport Rab1, ER to intermediate-compartment/VTC and early intra-Golgi transport RabD2a, ER to Golgi transport 87 Rab D2 Rab1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Rab35 98CRabE1.e RabE1.b 100 RASP Sec4, Golgi to PM (bud site) Ypt2, Golgi to PM RabE1a 188-RabE1.d Rabl1e E Rab E1 Rabs Sec4 Ypt2 Rab8, Golgi to basolateral PM in epithelial cells and regulated secretory granule exocytosis Secd -Rabba Rabb Rabte Rab13 Rab26 Rab37 Rab13 Rab10 Rab26 Rab37 Rab12 Associated with PM at tight junctions in epithelial cells Golgi associated Associated with secretory granules Associated with secretory granules Golgi associated Rab12 Rab3a Rabe Rab3 Regulated secretion in neurones and neuroendocrine cells LM Rab Rabad -Rab27a Rab27b Rab27 Melanosome transport in melanocytes Antagonist of endocytosis at PM Rab15 Rab15 "Rab40a Rab40b Rab40 RabB1.b 57 h 97 RabB1.e RabB1.a Rab2, maturation of VTC (recycling from VTC to ER?) and intra Golgi traffic AIRabB1b and tobacco homologue Golgi localised; required for ER-Golgi traffic in pollen tubes Rab B1 Rab2 66 "Rab2 Rabla Rab4b Rab4 BL77 Rab4, recycling from early endosome to PM Rab14, phagosome associated Rab14 Rab14 Rab39 Rab39 10 changes
SEQUENCE 24 SEQUENCE 25 SEQUENCE 23 SEQUENCE 26 SEQUENCE 27 SEQUENCE 22 SEQUENCE 21 SEQUENCE 28 0.10
Transcribed Image Text:SEQUENCE 24 SEQUENCE 25 SEQUENCE 23 SEQUENCE 26 SEQUENCE 27 SEQUENCE 22 SEQUENCE 21 SEQUENCE 28 0.10
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