Pick the best form of microscopy to use in each situation, each answer used only once: You want to figure out if a bacterium can swim in a liquid medium You want to visualize the repeating crystalline structure of the S-layer You want to identify the basic cell wall structure of an unknown bacterium You want to watch proteins of the divisome ✓ [Choose ] Atomic Force Microscopy Phase-contrast microscopy Light microscopy (with staining) Fluorescence microscopy Electron microscopy [Choose [Choose ]
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- Using an appropriate lens and oil immersion, what would be a microscope's maximum resolution (in micrometres) that could use a wavelength of 350 nm (assuming that such a device exists)? What would be the surface-to-volume ratio for the coccus-shaped bacterium twice the size of the maximum resolution you calculated? Why is the surface-to-volume ratio an important biological factor. Explain. Show all of your calculations.Describe in detail all the steps needed to determine whether an Unknown bacteria has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall using the Gram stain. (You can describe the method presented in the Exercise 3-6 Gram stain videos or in the Lab Manual.) 1. Start by describing the method of transferring the bacteria onto the microscope slide, then describe heat-fixing the emulsion of the Unknown bacteria. (Do not describe all the steps needed to perform aseptic technique. Just say “Bacteria was added aseptically.”) 2. Describe the Gram stain in detail. (This description should include all the stains, how long the stain should set on slide, and Genus and species names of bacteria you are using as CONTROLS.)A lab technologist calibrates her microscope and finds that 7 stage divisions are equal to 38 ocular divisions. The entire scale on the stage micrometer is 1 mm long and has 100 equal divisions. The technologist measures a coccus-shaped cell and determines that the cell is 4 ocular divisions in length. What is the length of this cell in µm? Show all calculations.
- What are the differences and similarities between Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Please explain in detail.Assume you are observing the diatom pictured in Figure 1 using the 10X lens in a compound light microscope. You move to the 40X lens and then again to the 100X lens by only rotating the turret (remember that the lenses are parfocal), without making any other adjustments to the microscope. c) After making your adjustments, you notice that the midline of the diatom is in focus while the remainder is blurry. Explain, based on microscopy principles, why this has occurred Provide a description of the procedure to prepare an acidic stain of bacteria using Nigrosin as it would appear in the Methods section.Which of the following is an advantage of confocal microscopy over conventional fluorescence microscopy? The interaction of the laser beam with the cell surface allows the imaging of individual macromolecules O Only out-of-focus light enters the microscope lens, making the object appear illuminated against a dark background The use of electrons instead of light to image the specimen results in greatly increased resolving power O Optical sections in a single plane of focus can be visualized at different depths in the specimen The natural contrast of an unstained specimen is enhanced
- In order to visualize the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments at 10-25 nanometers in diameter the type of microscopy that would be most effective is O standard light microscopy O phase-contrast light microscopy transmission electron microscopy O darkfield light microscopy O differential-interference microscopyWhich of the following microscopes typically requires the use of vital dyes (like methylene blue) to visualize large subcellular structures in a living cell (like the nucleolus or the mitochondrion)? the scanning/tunneling electron microscope (STEM), with good resolution up to about 100,000,000x the transmission electron microscope (TEM), with good resolution up to about 100,000x the scanning electron microscope (SEM), with good resolution up to about 1,000,000x the compound light microscope, with good resolution up to about 1,500x all of the above microscopes would be equally useful in visualizing the interior of organellesStaining of cells is often performed to enhance images acquired by brightfield microscopy. Phase-contrast microscopy does not require cell staining. Why is this advantageous?
- What type of microscopy is frequently used now for determining the cellular location of a molecule of interest? Briefly describe the basis of this technique.What is the limit of resolution for a bright-field microscope?What defines this limit?A student missed the laboratory period where the use of the microscope was demonstrated. The instructor asked the student to read the description in the laboratory manual and then proceed to examine bacterial cells with the oil immersion lens. The student skimmed the directions and began. After about 15 minutes of struggling, the student gave up in despair without seeing anything. Below is a detailed description of what the student did. How many mistakes did the student make and why didn’t the student see anything? a. Plugged in the microscope and turned the light source to maximum intensity. Made a wet mount and placed it on the stage with the low-power objective lens in position. Tried to focus with the coarse adjustment, but decided the bacteria were too small and needed to be seen with the high-power objective lens. Rotated the high-power objective lens into position, but saw the lens would likely touch the slide, so lowered the stage so that the objective lens rotated freely.…