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In an outline form, describe briefly the phases of neurulation. Mention some signaling molecules, genes, morphogenetic factors, and other factors, intrinsic/extrinsic factors responsible for each phase.
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- IN AN OUTLINE FORM, describe briefly the phases of neurulation. Mention some signaling molecules, genes, morphogenetic factors, and other factors, intrinsic/extrinsic factors responsible for each phase. NOTE: Make sure the answer is in OUTLINE FORM. SUBJECT: Developmental Biology.In neurulation, what cell types are involved? What morphogens are present (and antagonists)? What transcription factors are there? What tissues/tissue types are there? What are the signaling pathways used and how do each function? What's the end goal, and what is the response in development? Draw a labeled diagram or detailed flow chart of neurulation in embryos to show this.(FYI, this is one practice question. No grading involved.)What is the expected effect on reproduction on an individual with hormone levels shown above? Identify two physiological changes that will not occur due to the atypical hormone levels shown above. The graph above shows the estrogen and progesterone levels of an individual during a menstrual cycle of 28 days. The top light blue line indicates the progesterone levels and the bottom purple line indicates the estrogen levels. This individual is in luteal phase.This individual can be expected to have low levels of FSH and LH.
- Describe the process of Neurulation, formation of neural crest & placodes, and the derivatives and importance of those.Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.Describe and label a nematocyst and the cell containing it. Describe how nematocysts fire. How does the firing mechanism and structure vary phylogenetically [among classes]?
- Explain the reason why in the absence of Delta, cells become unsynchronized and somites are not formed completely.Explain the mechanism of nematocyst discharge. How can a hydrostatic pressure of one atmosphere be maintained within the nematocyst until it receives an expulsion stimulus?There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?