Paired or unpaired? In cach of the following settings, decide whether you should use paired t procedures or two-sample t procedures to perform inference. Explain your choice." (a) To compare the average weight gain of pigs fed two different rations, nine pairs of pigs were used. The pigs in each pair were littermates. A coin toss was used to decide which pig in each pair got Ration A and which got Ration B. (b) A random sample of college professors is taken. We wish to compare the average salaries of male and female teachers. (c) To test the effects of a new fertilizer, 100 plots are treated with the new fertilizer, and 100 plots are treated with another fertilizer. A computer's random number generator is used to determine which plots get which fertilizer.

A crossover trial is a type of experiment used to compare two drugs. Subjects take one drug for a period of time, then switch to the other. The responses of the subjects are then compared using matched-pair methods. In an experiment to compare two pain relievers, seven subjects took one pain reliever for two weeks, then switched to the other. They rated their pain level from 1 to 10, with larger numbers representing higher levels of pain. The results were: Subject Drug A Drug B 1 6 5 2 3 1 3 4 4 7 6 2 7 4 2 Can you conclude that the mean pain level is less with drug B? Use a=0.05. (1) Critical Value (Round off to 3 decimal places): (2) Test Statistic (Round off to 2 decimal places): (3) Conclusion: (Type 'Reject HO' or 'Fail to Reject HO')

Dataset: NES. Variables: spend8, nesw.) The NES dataset contains spend8, which records the number of government policy areas where respondents think spending should be increased. Scores range from 0 (the respondent does not want to increase spending on any of the policies) to 8 (the respondent wants to increase spending on all eight policies). The NES, of course, polls a random sample of U.S. adults. In this exercise you will analyze spend8 using the Analyze ▶ Compare Means ▶ One-Sample T Test procedure. You then will draw inferences about the population mean. Make sure you weight observations using the nesw variable so your results are nationally representative.   A. The spend8 variable has a sample mean of ______.

A research study wanted to examine whether religious belief and gender are related in their state. They selected a representative sample of men and women in their State.Select the null and alternative hypothesis of the test: H0: there is no relationship between gender and belief about human originsHa: there is a relationship between gender and belief about human origins   H0: there is a relationship between gender and belief about human originsHa: there is no relationship between gender and belief about human origins     Results of the study are summarized in this table for the Belief about human origins:   religious texts evolutionary theory total male 30 36 66 female 110 89 199 total 140 125 265 The degrees of freedom for the the ?2 statistic are Round the following numbers to two places after the decimal:The test statistic is ?2 =  with a p-value =  The conclusion of the test at the 5% significance level is There is not enough statistical evidence to suggest that gender…

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"A manufacturer of shampoo claims that 72% of the shampoo users prefer brand X. To test this claim, a random sample of 44 participants are selected and asked what brand they prefer. If 31 of the 44 participants prefer brand X, what conclusion do we draw? Use a 0.1 level of significance. What are the given? hypothesized proportion:Blank 1% sample proportion:Blank 2 (Write your answer in fraction form form and simplify your answer) sample size:Blank 3 level of significance:Blank 4 What are the critical values? Write the positve first then the negative z:Blank 5 andBlank 6 What is the calculated z? Round your answer to the nearest hundredths. z:Blank 7"