Over a span of 10 years, a country has a marked decrease in the instance of childhood deaths caused by measles, but an increase in deaths caused by heart disease. Which transition is in effect? a. Nutritional transition b. Epidemiological or public health transition c. Demographic transition d. None of these is correct.

as an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of lead exposure in a Baltimore neighborhood and the incidence of lead poisining and related difficulties in early childhood. You start with a cohort of 400 babies born in 2015. At baseline, none of them have any symptoms of lead poisining, but after taking envirnomental samples from their homes you find that 250 have lead paint exposure and 150 of them do not  You follow them for ten years and keep track of incident cases of lead poisining based on blood samples.  In 2025 you end your study and report the following: 100 of the children previously exposed to lead paint in 2015 have lead poisining and 25 of the children that were not exposed in 2015 have lead poisining.  Calculate the cumulative incidence for the exposed group and the unexposed group. Calculate the relative risk between lead paint exposure and lead poisining.

Threshold density (ST) occurs (selected one best option) a.Only in diseases where transmission is density-dependent b. Only in diseases where transmission is frequency-dependent c.Does not depend on transmission mode d.Only in vector-borne diseases e. Only in Human diseases

What is the main reason that infectious diseases are becoming more common in modern times?   A. Global population increase which brings humans farther from wild animals and their environments.    B. Global population decrease which brings humans closer to wild animals and their environments.    C. Global population decrease which brings humans farther away from wild animals and their environments.    D. Global population increase which brings humans closer to wild animals and their environments.

Epidemiologist rely on a set of standard study designs to understand the distribution of 'diseases' and what factors are associated with the presence or absence of disease. Ultimately, the goal is to identify the 'causes' of disease in order to prevent the disease in the future. In modern epidemiology, disease is defined broadly, and can range from infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, HIV), chronic diseases (e.g., heart attack, stroke, diabetes), injuries (e.g., car accidents, homicide), or even social conditions (e.g., poverty). Exposures too may be defined as anything proposed as a potential cause (or correlate) of the disease. For this exercise, briefly outline a hypothetical study to investigate a potential exposure/disease relationship. You may draw on your own experience or choose a topic that is of interest to you. After choosing a topic to study, select an appropriate study design from the list below. Cross-sectional study Cohort study Case-control study Ecological study…