Other than oxidative phosphorylation, what other metabolic pathway does "Complex 2" participate in?   1. Glycolysis   2. Gluconeogenesis   3. Lactic acid fermentation   4. Citric acid cycle

There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. acetyl-coenzyme A 0 CH₂-C-CoA HO-CH Reaction 7 O malate CH₂ CH || CH fumarate FADH₂ Reaction 6 FAD H+ + NADH NAD+ 1,0 H₂C CH₂ CH₂ Reaction 8 succinate ADP 0=C GTP CH₂ oxaloacetate Reaction 5 H-COA GDP ATP H₂O Reaction 1 C Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle CH₂ CH₂ H-COA 0=C 1 CoA succinyl-CoA H+ HO-C Reaction CO₂ с CH₂ NADH CH₂ citrate Reaction 2 H-COA Reaction 3 CO₂ I CH₂ T CH₂ 0=C NAD+ HO–CH a-ketoglutarate CH, CH isocitrate NAD+ H+ + NADH In chapters 9 and 10, you were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a…

Define the following terms: (2-3 sentences)1. Metabolism2. Glycolysis3. Beta oxidation4. Chemiosmosis5. Deamination6. Transamination7. Oxidation8. Reduction

Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis are both spontaneous. If both pathways were simultaneously active in a cell, it would constitute a "futile cycle" that would waste energy. Explain it.

What is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis? Please explain how this enzyme is regulated just after a meal has been consumed.

11) To which molecule is Glucose broken down in the process of glycolysis? What happens with pyruvate in the presence of oxygen (hint: it will enter a cell organelle to feed into chemical reactions called....) 12) Which molecule carries energy rich electrons from the intermediates of the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. NADH 13) Which of the following states (of this electron carrier) carries energy rich electrons: 1) NAD+ 2) NADH? 14) Is oxygen required for aerobic respiration to take place? In which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen required? 15) Define fermentation? 16) Which of the three steps of aerobic respiration can take place in absence of oxygen? 17) What is the fate of pyruvate in absence of oxygen (e.g., when oxygen consumption exceeds oxygen intake during intense exercise)?

Match the following B vitamins with the roles of their coenzymes: riboflavin [ Choose ] niacin [ Choose ] pantothenic acid [ Choose ] vitamin B6 [ Choose ]

choose the metabolic pathway being described in the statement choices:  Digestion Glycolysis Formation of Acetyl CoA Krebs Cycle ETC Reactions Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis   1. catalyzed initially by glycogen phosphorylase 2. breaking of glycosidic linkages of glycogen  3. requires pumping of hydrogen ions 4. lactic acid is converted to glucose

How many carbons from the original glucose molecule enter each round of the citric acid cycle?

Medical researchers are studying a patient with the newly discovered u LEKS metabolic syndrome, in which a genetic mutaton prevents NADH produced in the cytosol from being reoxidized by the electron transport chain. Suppose the following nutrient molecule is digested and metabolized by this patient under anaerobic conditions, e.g. during a sudden intense exertion: de HO-CH: -OH Он н. HO H OH How many ATP molecules will uttimately be produced by the catabolism of this molecule? Note: you can ussume the catabohism is as complete as it can be under the conditions given above. How many molecules of pyruvate will be produced during dycalysist How many maleoules of lactate will be produced