
Intermediate Algebra
19th Edition
ISBN: 9780998625720
Author: Lynn Marecek
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Transcribed Image Text:One cannot fail to notice that in forming linear combinations of
linear equations there is no need to continue writing the 'unknowns'
x1,...,x, since one actually computes only with the coefficients A,, and
the scalars y. We shall now abbreviate the system (1-1) by
Do not solve using AI, I want real solutions with graphs and codes, wherever required.
Reference is given, if you need further use hoffmann book of LA or maybe Friedberg.
where
AX = Y
An
AL
A
Aml
1
and Y
-N
We call A the matrix of coefficients of the system. Strictly speaking,
the rectangular array displayed above is not a matrix, but is a repre-
sentation of a matrix. An m X n matrix over the field F is a function
A from the set of pairs of integers (i, j), 1≤i≤m, 1≤ j ≤ n, into the
field F. The entries of the matrix A are the scalars A(i,j) = A, and
quite often it is most convenient to describe the matrix by displaying its
entries in a rectangular array having m rows and n columns, as above.
Thus X (above) is, or defines, an n XI matrix and Y is an m × I matrix.
For the time being, AX = Y is nothing more than a shorthand notation
for our system of linear equations. Later, when we have defined a multi-
plication for matrices, it will mean that Y is the product of A and X.
We wish now to consider operations on the rows of the matrix A
which correspond to forming linear combinations of the equations in
the system AX=Y. We restrict our attention to three elementary row
operations on an m Xn matrix A over the field F:
1. multiplication of one row of A by a non-zero scalar e;
2. replacement of the rth row of A by row r plus c times row 3, c any
scalar and r8;
3. interchange of two rows of A.
Problem 2: The Invertibility and Uniqueness of Matrix Inverses
Statement: Let A be an nxn invertible matrix. The inverse of A, denoted by A¹, satisfies the
conditions AA and AA = I, where I is the identity matrix of the same order.
Tasks:
1. Prove that if A is invertible, then the inverse is unique. Use a general argument based on the
properties of matrix multiplication and the definition of the identity matrix.
2. Show that if A and B are n x n matrices such that AB = I, then both A and B must be
invertible and B = A-. Provide a theoretical justification using properties of matrix
multiplication and inverses.
3. Graphically interpret the concept of matrix inversion in terms of transformations in R". Explain
how an invertible matrix represents a transformation that maps vectors uniquely back to their
original positions. Use a diagram to illustrate this concept.
4. Discuss the relationship between the invertibility of a matrix and its determinant. Prove that a
matrix is invertible if and only if its determinant is non-zero, using the properties of row
operations and the determinant function.
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