of a derivative that pays off $100 after one year if a company has defaulted during the year is $5. The value of a derivative that pays off $100 after one year if a company has not defaulted is $97. (a) What is the risk-free rate? (b) What is the risk-neutral probability of defau
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- Is default risk premium likely to be pro-cyclical (i.e., increasing during economic expansion) or counter-cyclical (i.e., increasing during the economic recession)? Why?K possible Risk-Free Rate. What is a risk-free rate? Give an example of an investment with a risk free rate. Why is there no risk? A risk-free rate is: (Select the best answer below.) OA. an interest rate that is not guaranteed on an investment for a specified period. OB. an interest rate guaranteed on an investment for a unspecified period. OC. an interest rate guaranteed on an investment for a specified period. OD. an interest rate that is not guaranteed on an investment for an unspecified period. There is no risk because a risk-free investment: (Select the best answer below.) OA. pays an interest rate guaranteed on an investment for an unspecified period. OB. would pay investors even if the financial institution went into bankruptcy. OC. is a checking account. OD. is a zero interest loan.H10. Assume that initially, the risk premium, ρ = 0 and that the domestic and foreign interest rates are given by R = .06, R* = .05. Suppose that the risk premium depends linearly on the difference between domestic government debt, B, and domestic assets of the central bank, A, i.e., ρ = ρ (B-A) Find the new domestic interest rate if a sterilized purchase of foreign assets adjusts A s.t. (a) B - A = -.01/ ρ0 (b) B - A = .03/ ρ0
- Accounting for Fair Value Hedge: Interest Rate Swap On January 1 of Year 1, Innovative Lab issued a 4-year $50,000 note to a local bank with fixed interest payments based on 6%, payable annually on December 31. To hedge the risk of a fixed interest payment, Innovative Lab entered into a 4-year interest rate swap agreement on January 1 of Year 1, calling for interest payments tied to a designated benchmark interest rate to a counterparty and receipt of interest based on 6%, negotiated at a notional amount of $50,000. The settlement date for the net cash payment is on December 31 of each year. The following table provides additional information related to the interest rate swap as forecasted over the next 4 years. Fair value: Interest rate swap Fair value: note payable Benchmark interest rate Required Dec. 31, Year 1 Dec. 31, Year 2 Dec. 31, Year 3 Dec. 31, Year 4 $200 $0 $50,200 4.2% $400 $50,400 4.0% $0 $50,000 5.2% $50,000 5.8% a. Record the required journal entries for Year 1, Year…Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic Component Symbol This is the premium that reflects the risk associated with changes in interest rates for a long-term security. It changes over time, depending on the expected rate of return on productive assets exchanged among market participants and people’s time preferences for consumption. This premium is added when a security lacks marketability, because it cannot be bought and sold quickly without losing value. It is calculated by adding the inflation premium to r*. Over the past several years, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland have had lower interest rates than the United States due to lower values of this premium. It is based on the bond’s rating; the higher the rating, the lower the premium added, thus lowering…This is part a) question and it's answer in order to answer part b) question Question: You hold a consol that pays a coupon C in perpetuity. The current interest rate is i, and the average expectation in the market is that this will remain unchanged. What will be the price of the consol today? answer : According to the question we need to calculate the current price of the perpetual consol. Perpetual consoles are priced differently because their expected income is spread through an indefinite period. So, perpetual consoles are priced using the current yield. The current yield is calculated as:- coupon amountMarket price×100coupon amountMarket price×100 After calculating the current yield price is calculated by the above formula where, i = Current interest rate y = yield so, the price of this consol will be Price = i/y I please need the solutions for part b) question b) In the next period however, the interest rate changes unexpectedly to i . What is the new price of the bond? If…
- Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic This is the premium added to the real risk-free rate to compensate for a decrease in purchasing power over time. As interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and as interest rates fall, bond prices rise. Because interest rate changes are uncertain, this premium is added as a compensation for this uncertainty. This is the rate for a short-term riskless security when inflation is expected to be zero. It is calculated by adding the inflation premium to r*. This is the premium added as a compensation for the risk that an investor will not get paid in full. It is based on the bond's marketability and trading frequency; the less frequently the security is traded, the higher the premium added, thus increasing the interest rate. Component Liquidity risk premium Maturity risk premium Inflation premium…What is expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates? Group of answer choices a. Long term interest is equal to average short-term interest rates. b. Average rates is the term of structure of interest rates. c. Short-term interest is equal to long-term interest rates. d. Long term interest is the sum of all short-term interest rates.Which of the following is not needed to compute the present value of an investment?a. The length of time between the investment and future receiptb. The interest ratec. The rate of inflationd. The amount of the receipT
- Consider a security that pays income to its holders (e.g., a dividend-paying stock, or acoupon bond). Should the forward price of this security (for a contract that matures attime T), F0,T, be higher than, lower than, or equal to the security's current spot price?Why?.Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic It changes over time, depending on the expected rate of return on productive assets exchanged among market participants and people's time preferences for consumption. This is the rate on a Treasury bill or a Treasury bond. This is the premium added to the real risk-free rate to compensate for a decrease in purchasing power over time. It is based on the bond's credit rating; the higher the rating, the lower the premium added, thus lowering the interest rate. It is based on the bond's marketability and trading frequency; the less frequently the security is traded, the higher the premium added, thus increasing the interest rate. As interest rates rise over time, bond prices fall, and as interest rates fall, bond prices rise. Because interest rate changes are uncertain over the life of the…7. Determinants of market interest rates Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic Component Symbol This is the rate for a riskless security that is exposed to changes in inflation. This is the premium that reflects the risk associated with changes in interest rates for a long-term security. This premium is added when a security lacks marketability, because it cannot be bought and sold quickly without losing value. This is the rate on short-term US Treasury securities, assuming there is no inflation. Over the past several years, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland have had lower interest rates than the United States due to lower values of this premium. It is based on the bond’s rating; the higher the rating, the lower the premium added, thus lowering the…