Objective: Determining how an equilibrium reaction mixture will respond to an externally imposed change. 1. The oxidation of SO₂ is the key step in sulfuric acid production: SO₂ (g) + 1/2O2(g) → SO3 (g) AHx= -99.2 kJ/mol a. To maximize the production of SO3, should there be high pressure or low pressure in the reaction chamber? Explain your answer in terms of Le Châtelier's Principle. b. To maximize the production of SO3, should there be high temperature or low temperature in the reaction chamber? Explain your answer in terms of Le Châtelier's Principle. c. If O₂ is added to the reaction chamber, how will the reaction respond? Ỏ. The reaction is catalyzed by vanadium oxide. If this is added to the reaction chamber, in which direction does the reaction shift?

For the reaction below, what is the effect of raising the temperature? 4A(g) + B(g) 3C(g) AH = - 405 kJ Equilibrium shifts to the right; the reaction makes more products. O The reaction makes more of both products and reactants, so equilibrium is unaffected O Equilibrium re-establishes Equilibrium shifts to the left; the reaction makes more reactants.

3. Phosphoryl chloride, POCI3(g), is used in the manufacturing of flame retardants. It is manufactured in an equilibrium process in which phosphorus trichloride reacts with nitrogen dioxide to form POCI3(8)and NO(g) according to the following equation: PCI3 (g) + NO2 (g) = POCI3 (g) + NO (g) The Keg for this reaction at 800 K is 6.90. If 1.25 mol PCI3 (g) and 1.94 mol NO2 (g) are placed into a 2.0 L container, what is the concentration of each gas at equilibrium at 800 K? PCI3 (g) NO2 (g) POCI3 (g) NO(g) Keq = 6.90 + + E

Methane and water react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, like this: CH4(g) + H₂O(g) → 3 H₂(g) + CO(g) The reaction is endothermic. Suppose a mixture of CH4, H₂O, H₂ and CO has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. any, the perturbation change in composition The temperature is raised. The pressure of CH4 will The temperature is lowered. The pressure of H₂ will ? ? ↑ î shift in equilibrium O X to the right to the left (none) to the right to the left (none) Ś

A reaction vessel initially contains 6.30 atm of A and 2.10 atm of B. A reaction occurs according to the equation:2A(g)+B(g)⇆2C(g)2A(g)+B(g)⇆2C(g)When equilibrium is reached, the total pressure is found to be 6.51 atm. What is the equilibrium constant Kp?Please enter your response to three significant figures using decimal notation.

Consider the following equilibrium: N,0, (g) = 2NO, (3) AG' = 5.4 kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 0.496 atm of nitrogen dioxide (NO,) at 137. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: O rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NO, tend to rise or fall? O fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding N,O,? In other words, if you said the pressure of NO, will tend to rise, can that O yes be changed to a tendency to fall by adding N,04? Similarly, if you said O no the pressure of NO, will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding N,0,? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of N,0, needed to reverse it. O atm Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

8. Consider the equilibrium reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) = 2 NO(g) Kp 4.10 x 10³ at 2000°C a) If 1.00 atm of nitrogen gas and 1.00 atm of oxygen gas is mixed with 0.10 atm of nitrogen monoxide in a 500.0 mL container at 2000°C, in which direction will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium? Show all work to justify your answer. b) What is the concentration of each gas when equilibrium is reached at 2000°C? Show all your work. Equilibrium Partial Pressures: PN₂ = Po₂ = 1.02 atm and PNO = 0.07 atm Use PV = nRT Answer: Equilibrium Concentrations: [N₂] = [0₂] = 5.47 x 10-3 mol/L and [NO] = 4 x 10+ M

We start with a sample of pure A(g). The following equilibrium is established 2 A(g) <---> B(g) + C(g) The total pressure is 8.33 atm and the temperature is 25.0oC. The partial pressure of A(g) is 5.26 atm. Calculate the value of the standard free enthalpy change (in kJ) of this reaction at 25.0oC.

For the following reaction: NH4Cl(s) ↔ NH3(g) + HCl(g) ΔH = +42.1 kilocalories Suppose the substances in the reaction above are at equilibrium at 600K in volume V and at pressure P. State whether the partial pressure of NH3(g) will have increased, decreased, or remained the same when equilibrium is reestablished after each of the following disturbances of the original system. Some solid NH4Cl remains in the flask at all times. Justify each answer with a one-or-two sentence explanation. (e) A quantity of gaseous NH3 is added. The answer for e states that the partial pressure of NH3 is increase, which is a bit confusing. The explanation is that some of the the added NH3 reacts with HCl to relieve stress but only part of NH3 reacts. Can you explain how and where this is implied in the reaction or question. Would appreciate a lot of clarification