Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We conduct a known-plaintext attack against an LFSR. Through trial and error we have determined that the number of states is m = 4. The plaintext given by 01100101 = X0X1X2X3X4X5X6X7 when encrypted by the LFSR produced the ciphertext 10010100 = yoYı Y2 Y3 Y3 Y5 Y6 Y7 · What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 0101 to represent Рз %3D 0, р2 3D1, рі —D 0, ро 3 1).

ONLY THE TAP BITS. The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We conduct a known-plaintext attack against an LFSR. Through trial and error we have determined that the number of states is m=4m=4.The plaintext given by 01001011=x0x1x2x3x4x5x6x701001011=x0x1x2x3x4x5x6x7 when encrypted by the LFSR produced the ciphertext 11010110=y0y1y2y3y3y5y6y711010110=y0y1y2y3y3y5y6y7. What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 0101 to represent p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1p3=0,p2=1,p1=0,p0=1).

Fast and correct solution please.

that the ciphertexts are C = 0xbcc61793955b5eb5 and C2 = 0xdea2c2 fd718d3b77. We also happen to know that M1 A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages, M1 and M2. We know Оx805d3а2029c0а386. a) What is M2 in hexadecimal? Please give your answer a leading 0x and use lowercase letters only. b) What is the keystream? Please give your answer a leading Ox and use lowercase letters only. Hint: These are all 8 byte numbers and will fit in an unsigned long type on most systems.

We conduct a known-plaintext attack against an LFSR. Through trial and error we have determined that the number of states is m =4. The plaintext given by when encrypted by the LFSR produced the ciphertext 11111101 What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g 0101 to represent P3 0, P2 = 1, P = 0, Po = 1) !!

Messages are to be encoded using the RSA method, and the primes chosen are p “ 17 and q “ 19, so that n “ pq “ 323, and e “ 19. Thus, the public key is p323, 19q.   (a) Show that the decryption exponent d (your private key) is 91.

Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzi. Consider the LFSR represented by the polynomial x¹ + x³ +x+1 What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent p = 0, P4 = 1, P3 = 0, P2 = 1, P₁ = 0, Po = 1).

The definition of a Shift Cipher can be expressed as follows:Def. Let x, y, k ∈ Z26 with the encryption operation as ek(x) ≡ x + k mod 26 and thedecryption operation as dk(y) ≡ y - k mod 26.Given the provided letter encoding, what would be the encoding of the plaintext word ATTACKafter applying a shift cipher with a k=17?

The question involves encoding/decoding using an RSA algorithm.                A B C D E F G H I J K L M 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 88 90 ASCII Table Our problem Consider the following plaintext message: “BAHRAINPOLYTECHNIC”   Present a step-by-step encryption and decryption process of the above-mentioned message with the help of ASCII table and the following values: p = 29, q = 41 Choose the appropriate value of ‘e’ for public key. Compute the private key d using extended Euclidean algorithm. Encrypt the message using the above derived public key and then decrypt the message again using the above derived private key.  Explain each step how you work while ciphering and deciphering the above given message.

Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzi. Suppose you have an LFSR with 6 state bits. The first 12 bits of output produced by this LFSR are 101011100010 = 80818283848586878889810811- The first bit produced is the leftmost bit and the bit most recently produced is the rightmost bit. a) What is the initial state of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent 85 = 0, $4 = 1, 83 = 0, 82 = 1, 81 = 0, 80 = 1). b) What are the tap bits of the LFSR? Please enter your answer as unspaced binary digits (e.g. 010101 to represent p = 0, P₁ = 1, P3 = 0, P2 = 1, P₁ = 0, Po = 1).