Nonenzymatic Reaction Rate (s-) Enzymatic Reaction Rate (s-) Enzyme Rate Enhancement Carbonic anhydrase 1.3 x 10-1 1x 106 7.7 x 106 Chorismate mutase 2.6 × 10-5 50 1.9 x 106 Triose phosphate isomerase 4.3 x 10-6 9- 4300 1.0 x 10° Carboxypeptidase A 3.0 x 10-9 578 1.9 x 10" AMP nucleosidase 1.0 x 10-1" 60 6.0 x 1012 Staphylococcal nuclease 1.7 × 10¬13 95 5.6 X 1014

Considering PNPP → PNP reaction, would you expect to see more intense or pale color for the reaction that contain the inhibitor? Explain.

What is the biochemical basis for the spectrum of fastidiousness seen in the microbial world? (That is, why are some organisms fastidious and others are non fastidious?)

Since all of the B-lactams that you have tested are susceptible to hydrolysis by PAESBL-1, the hospital will not be able to use a single 8-lactam to combat this P. aeruginosa isolate. You need to consider alternative strategies. From the following list, select all of the strategies that might successfully overcome the broad substrate specificity PAESBL-1: Check all that apply. using multiple B-lactams simultaneously (e.g., rather than treating with amoxicillin alone, treat with the three B-lactams: amoxicillin, cephalothin, and imipenem). O using a reversible inhibitor of PAESBL-1 instead of a 8-lactam. Treat future infections by O combining a reversible inhibitor of PAESBL-1 with one or more 8-lactams. O using an irreversible inhibitor of PaESBL-1 instead of a B-lactam. O combining an irreversible inhibitor of PAESBL-1 with one or more -lactams. O O O O