Answered: Nitriles are hydrolyzed to carboxylic…

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter17: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8ALQ: Is Ssurr favorable or unfavorable for exothermic reactions? Endothermic reactions? Explain.

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Nitriles are hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under basic conditions. The corresponding amide is an intermediate formed during the process. Using curved arrows, draw the mechanism for nitrile hydrolysis under basic conditions resulting in the amide intermediate.

1. H,O, -OH, heat
2. H₂O+
NH₂
amide intermediate
TO
OH

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

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