Nitration of nitrobenzene yields mainly the meta product. Please show why the sigma complex is lower in energy for substitution at meta position than it is for substitution at the ortho and para positions.
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Nitration of nitrobenzene yields mainly the meta product. Please show why the sigma complex is lower in energy for substitution at meta position than it is for substitution at the ortho and para positions.
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- Draw the sigma complex for the formation of the bromonium electrophile with proper resonance forms for the meta bromination of toluene and for the para bromination of toluene. Which resonance structure places the (+) next to the methyl group? Will either one (i.e. para and meta sigma complex) yield a fourth resonance structure? Given that alkyl groups such as CH3 are electron rich (i.e. no attached electronegative atoms), which sigma complex in part (A) would be more stable?This reaction is also an important reaction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in cells, wherein the reaction occurs in neutral solution, so the acid groups are both ionized to the carboxylate form. The reaction is catalyzed by the stereospecific enzyme fumarase that utilizes only the trans form of 2-butenedioate ion (also known as fumarate) and produces only the (S)-2-hydroxysuccinate enantiomer (also known as (S)-malate). Draw the correct stereochemical structures of these two compounds of the fumarase-catalyzed reaction. Be sure to include all hydrogen atoms and show the carboxylates as anions.Please show the entire mechanism with curved arrows for the reaction. Why is the reaction considered unfavorable in reference to the stability ladder? Why does the reaction favor the product formation? *please show the resonance structures in the reaction.*
- Provide the complete mechanism using Curved Arrow Formalism for the reaction of 2-isopropylcyclopentanone treated with pyrrolidine in acid. If more than one product is generated state which is major and minor and explain why this is so. Include all resonance stabilized intermediates. Name the functional group generated.Explain how and why rearrangements occurduring Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions formingmore than 1 product. Also illustrate therearrangement reaction from the aboveexample.Draw a detailed mechanism for the FeBr3@catalyzed reaction of ethylbenzene with bromine, and show why the sigma complex (and the transition state leading to it) is lower in energy for substitution at the ortho and para positions than it is for substitution at the meta position.
- Identify the leaving group for a potential elimination of the following compounds. Compare the leaving group activities for A and K. Which of the following compounds cannot be subjected to elimination? Explain.Explain why is the formation of some isomers become more favorable over the others. As an example, why are the products that are para are more favorable than products that are ortho (with regards to para-ortho-meta directors).Give the reaction mechanism for both subparts in clear handwritten paper!
- The following reaction is Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Considering the mechanism for Friedel-Crafts alkylation, how would you explain the formation of this particular product? Either describe or upload image of the mechanism. AICI,An organic chemistry student reacted benzene (excess) with a racemic mixture of (S) and (R) enantiomers of 2-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutane in the presence of AICI3 followed by water. Which of the following represents at least 50% of the final product profile? [Note: more than one answer may or may not apply.] ok of d b a ok *** CI fThe reaction of cyclopentyl bromide with sodium cyanide to give cyclopentyl cyanide roceeds faster if a small amount of sodium iodide is added to the reaction mixture. Can you suggest a reasonable mechanism to explain the catalytic function of sodium iodide?