new strain of influenza virus emerges that results in world wide pandemic of influenza. Affected persons lack pre-existing immunity to this strain. Which of the following genetic mechanism best explains the emergence of this pandemic strain? (A) Deletion (B) insertion (C) Point Mutation (D) Reassortment (E) Recombination

Researchers are using lentivirus to deliver fetal hemoglobin genes to individuals with sickle cell anemia.This is an example of ………. Therapy?

Many oncogenes result from mutations that cause excessive expression of a protein in cells where it is normally not expressed or is expressed at inappropriate times during development. This type of mutation can be described as ________. A) amorphic B) hypomorphic C)hypermorphic D) neomorphic E) dominant negative

Finding drugs to treat viruses is far more challenging than finding drugs to treat bacteria.  A. Why the difference?        Ans: Viruses need a host cell to replicate and a bacteria needs food to continue to replicate.                                     B. What can anti-viral drugs target in order to bring a viral infection under control, or to prevent a viral infection in the first place?               Ans: To bring an infection under control you would want to inhibit protease so it could not break down the polypeptide protein chain down into new protein coats. C. What can anti-viral drugs target to prevent a viral infection in the first place?             Ans: To prevent a viral infection in the first place you could take a medication that would alter the surface receptor, fill in the surface receptor or inhibits the viral surface protein all together. D. Offer 2 examples of drugs used to control viral infections (specify virus) and how do they  work on different targets. Ans:…

Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.