ned to the deck each 45. Drawing at least one king when you draw a card from a stan- dard deck 8 times (replacing the card each time you draw, so there are always 52 cards in the deck) 46. Drawing at least one king when you draw a card from a stan- dard deck 20 times (replacing the card each time you draw, so there are always 52 cards in the deck) 47. Purchasing four winning lottery tickets in a row when each ticket has al in 10 chance of being a winner 48. Four rainy days in a row when the forecast calls for a "20% chance of rain" each day gut 49. Meeting at least one left-handed person in eight random en- counters on campus when the incidence rate is 11% (11 in 100 people are left-handed) 50./Getting at least one parking ticket in five occasions when do not pay the parking meter, when the chances of getting a ticket when not paying are 0.3 you 51. Randomly meeting either a woman or a Republican in a group composed of 20 Democratic men, 40 Republican men, b60 Democratic women, and 80 Republican women 52. Randomly meeting either a man or an American in a group composed of 20 English women, 15 English men, 10 American women, and 5 American men 53. Randomly selecting a three-child family with either one or two boy children sl 54/Randomly selecting a girl or a non-soccer player from a sixth-grade class of 12 boys, 7 of whom play soccer, and 10 of whom play soccer Wit andom encoun-
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
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