Essentials Of Investments
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260013924
Author: Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Transcribed Image Text:NatNah, a builder of acoustic accessories, has no debt and an equity cost of capital of 14%. Suppose NatNah
decides to increase its leverage to maintain a market debt-to-value ratio of 0.5. Suppose its debt cost of capital is
9% and its corporate tax rate is 37%. If NatNah's pre-tax WACC remains constant, what will be its (effective after-
tax) WACC with the increase in leverage?
The effective after-tax WACC will be 12.34 %. (Round to two decimal places.)
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- F. Pierce Products Inc. is considering changing its capital structure. F. Pierce currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows: Market Debt-to Equity Ratio (D/S) 0.00 0.1111 0.2500 0.4286 0.6667 Market Equity-to- Value Ratio (ws) 1.0 0.90 6.0% 6.4 0.80 7.0 8.2 0.70 0.60 10.0 F. Pierce uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, rs, and at the time of the analaysis the risk-free rate is 6%, the market risk premium is 8%, and the company's tax rate is 25%. F. Pierce estimates that its beta now (which is "unlevered" because it currently has no debt) is 0.7. Based on this information, what is the firm's optimal capital structure, and what would be the weighted average cost of capital at the optimal capital structure? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two…arrow_forwardB.F. Pierce & Company is considering changing its capital structure. The company currently has no debt and no preferred stock, but it would like to add some debt to take advantage of low interest rates and the tax shield. Its investment banker has indicated that the pre-tax cost of debt under various possible capital structures would be as follows: 8.66% 9.21% 8.83% Market Debt-to- Value Ratio 9.07% (WD) 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Market Equity-to- Value Ratio (WE) 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 Market Debt-to- Equity Ratio (D/E) 0.00 0.25 0.67 1.50 4.00 Before-Tax Cost of Debt (rD) 5.00% The company uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity. Currently the risk-free rate is 4%, the market risk premium is 6%, and the company's tax rate is 25%. The company estimates that its beta now (which is unlevered because it currently has no debt) is 0.8. Based on this information, what is the firm's weighted average cost of capital at its optimal capital structure? 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00%arrow_forward14. AT Steel currently has no debt and an equity cost of capital of 14%. Suppose that the company decides to increase its leverage and maintain a market debt-to-value ratio of 1/2. Suppose its debt cost of capital is 8% and its corporate tax rate is 21%. Assuming that the pre-tax WACC remains constant, then with the addition of leverage its effective after-tax WACC will be closest to: A) 10.8%. B) 12.4%. C) 12.8%. D) 13.6%.arrow_forward
- Milton Industries expects free cash flows of $14 million each year. Milton's corporate tax rate is 21%, and its unlevered cost of capital is 14%. Milton also has outstanding debt of $25.57 million, and it expects to maintain this level of debt permanently. a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage? b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? a. What is the value of Milton Industries without leverage? The value of Milton Industries without leverage is $ million. (Round to two decimal places.) b. What is the value of Milton Industries with leverage? The value of Milton Industries with leverage is $ million. (Round to two decimal places.)arrow_forwardSuppose that MNINK Industries’ capital structure features 63 percent equity, 8 percent preferred stock, and 29 percent debt. Assume the before-tax component costs of equity, preferred stock, and debt are 11.40 percent, 9.30 percent, and 8.00 percent, respectively.What is MNINK’s WACC if the firm faces an average tax rate of 21 percent and can make full use of the interest tax shield? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)arrow_forwardAn unlevered firm has a value of $900 million. An otherwise identical but levered firm has $180 million in debt at a 4% interest rate, which is its pre-tax cost of debt. Its unlevered cost of equity is 12%. No growth is expected. Assuming the federal-plus-state corporate tax rate is 25%, use the MM model with corporate taxes to determine the value of the levered firm. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. S millionarrow_forward
- Roxy Broadcasting, Inc. is currently a low-levered firm with a debt-to-equity ratio of 2/7. The company wants to increase its leverage to 7/2 for debt to equity. If the current return on assets is 10% and the cost of debt is 8%, what are the current and the new costs of equity if Roxy operates in a world of no taxes?arrow_forwardDollar General (DG) is choosing between financing itself with only equity or with debt and equity. Regardless of how it finances itself, the EBIT for DG will be $545.63 million. If DG does use debt, the interest expense will be $57.85 million. If DG‘s corporate tax rate is 0.30, how much will DG pay (in millions) in total to ALL investors if it uses both debt and equity? Instruction: Type ONLY your numerical answer in the unit of millionsarrow_forwardXYZ borrows $800 million at an interest rate of 7.6%. Prior to this borrowing, it was an all-equity firm. It expects to maintain this debt level indefinitely. XYZ pays taxes at an effective rate of 37%. By how is the market value of XYZ expected to change because of the borrowing? [Hint: Tax shield?]arrow_forward
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