Name Lysine Arginine Histidine Aspartate Glutamate Structure 1-Let Abbr 3-Let Abbr Class Special Props рка Side Chain

Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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For each amino acid, show the structure, 1-letter abbreviation, 3-letter abbreviation, class (non-polar, polar, positive or negative), special props, side chain pKa)

Name
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
Aspartate
Glutamate
Structure
1-Let Abbr
3-Let Abbr
Class
Special Props
DK₂
Side Chain
Transcribed Image Text:Name Lysine Arginine Histidine Aspartate Glutamate Structure 1-Let Abbr 3-Let Abbr Class Special Props DK₂ Side Chain
Expert Solution
Step 1: Introduction to amino acids

Amino acids are organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins in cells. The structure of an amino acid consists of a central alpha carbon atom attached to functional groups including a basic amino group (NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (COOH) and a organic side chain R group (differing for each amino acid). Amino acids are basically amphoteric in nature which means that they can exist either as an acid or as a base whereas at physiological pH they are neutral in charge. There are 20 standard amino acids classified on the basis of the side chain R group, their polarity, charge, location of functional groups, ionization, etc. Additionally, two other amino acids (Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine) have been discovered to be incorporated under special translation mechanisms. Based on chirality almost all standard amino acids occurring in proteins exist as L-form (Laevorotatory or left-handed) rather than D-form (Dextrorotatory or right-handed). The general nomenclature of amino acids is given by IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature.

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