Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.

After prolonged exercise the body becomes depleted of glycogen. Which type of diet will lead to a quicker replenishment of muscle glycogen, a high fat, high protein diet or a high carbohydrate diet?Explain.

One of the modes of regulation of glycogen metabolism involves the hormonal control by covalent modification of the two pathways’ regulatory enzymes.(a). Name these enzymes.(b). Illustrate the cascade of reactions that governs the inter-conversion of theregulatory enzyme that is involved in the glycogen degradation.

What is the physiological significance of aerobic cellular respiration?

As early as the 1930s, it was known that frog muscles could still contract when glycolysis was inhibited. Where did the ATP come from to drive these contractions?

Which of the following is the correct summary of the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the skeletal muscle?   Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ lactate + ATP   Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 lactate + 2ATP   Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+   Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ pyruvate + ATP   Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP

When an individual is fatigued the cause of the fatigue could be related to which of the following: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)   a.) An inability of the nervous system to continue to activate skeletal muscle to produce force due to fatigue in the nervous system b.) Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) c.) Depletion of glycogen that was stored in skeletal muscle and the live d.) Disruption of enzymatic processes that slow the rate by which substrate (such as glucose) can be metabolized

Describe why lactic acid is produced during a prolonged strenuous activity and how lactic acid affects the muscle(s) that are being exposed to lactic acid. Lastly, in your response please indicate where lactic acid goes to be safely decomposed and stored. In your response, you should mention fatigue, anaerobic respiration, and the liver.

In the Cori cycle, the lactate product of glycolysis in muscle is transformedback into glucose by the liver. (a) List the enzymes involved in the lactate → glucose pathway. (b) What is the net gain/loss of ATP for one round of the Cori cycle (glucose → lactate → glucose)?

Insulin will tend to increase (More than one answer may be correct): A)  gluconeogenesis B)  glycogenolysis C)  glycogenesis D)  protein degradation E)  lypolysis