Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Q: Define the term gluconeogenesis?

A: Glucose is a vital molecule in the body. It is oxidized to yield the metabolic energy (for example,…

Q: What are the regulatory means that prevent high levels of activity in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis…

A: Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration that deals with the breakdown of glucose to…

Q: The intercellular lactate shuttle refers to... Cytosolic lactate being transported into the…

A: Glucose is metabolized through glycolysis to synthesize energy. Pyruvate is the end product of…

Q: Explain Anaerobic versus aerobic metabolism of glucose.

A: Biological molecules are chemical substances that occur in living organisms, and aid in performing…

Q: What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from glucose during glycolysis when oxygen is present in…

A: Carbohydrates: It is the energy source of the body represented by the formula (CH2O)n, where n is…

Q: Describe gluconeogenesis starting from lactate. What is its importance?

A: Introduction: The below answer explains the process of gluconeogenesis starting from lactate and its…

Q: Describe the lactate shuttle, with examples of how it is used during exercise.

A: Answer: Introduction: Lactate shuttle (LS) is a concept it means the lactate has role in transport…

Q: What effect is observed on the rate of gluconeogenesis under each of the following conditions? a.…

A: Carbohydrates and fatty acids are oxidized to generate energy for metabolic processes. Carbohydrates…

Q: What is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate…

A: Glycogenolysis- breaking down of molecular glycogen into glucose.  Glycolysis- glucose molecules…

Q: It is noticed that when a strain of mice exercises, their blood glucose drops to very low levels.…

A: Insulin and glucagon are the two type of hormones secreted by pancreatic cells. These two hormones…

Q: Which of the following describes the changes in metabolic pathways that occur during exercise?…

A: Metabolic pathways are the interconnected pathways that occur inside the cells. These can be…

Q: In the past, it was believed that lactic acid accumulated in the muscles of tracking athletes as a…

A: Pls refer below for the solution :

Q: Which one of the following statements concerning disorders of muscle metabolism presented in class…

A: The incorrect statement among the options provided is:a) Mutations in animals can spread rapidly…

Q: Describe the metabolic pathway of glycolysis, how lactic acid is produced, and the physiological…

A: Respiration is a catabolic process in which food components are oxidised and energy is released…

Q: Describe how purine catabolism is related to SCID, muscle function, and gout.

A: In the purine catabolism, the two purine bases named guanine and hypoxanthine get converted into…

Q: What is the effect of insulin on the committed step of glycolysis in the liver? Describe the…

A: In the liver, insulin can affect the committed step of glycolysis through its impact on the activity…

Q: What is the process that sustains the redox balance of glycolysis under aerobic conditions

A: A redox reaction is where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.  In glycolysis, there is a…

Q: If the malate-aspartate shuttle is inhibited under aerobic conditions, then lactate production…

A: Energy must be supplied to the cell continuously so that the cell maintains the functions and…

Q: Why is glucose provided by glycogenolysis in the liver but not in skeletal muscle?

A: Through glycogenolysis process, glycogen broken down into glucose and provide energy.  Muscle…

Q: Marathon runners often practice "carb loading" prior to a race. The purpose of this practice is to…

A: Animals store energy mainly in the form of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. Muscles…

Q: Which two enzymes are the most important in determining the maximal rate of glycolysis?

A: The metabolic process that changes glucose into pyruvate is known as glycolysis. The high-energy…

Q: An athlete is aiming to optimize their protein intake for muscle repair and growth. Which of the…

A: Optimizing dietary protein intake is an important consideration for athletes aiming to enhance…

Q: Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for…

A: The question is to discuss two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose…

Q: What would be the ATP yield per molecule of glucose in the muscle if glycogen were the source of the…

A: When the body runs out of glucose which is the most staple substrate for energy production, stored…

Q: Name the substrate and the product of (a) glycolysis and (b) gluconeogenesis.

A: Our body requires metabolic pathway in order to metabolize macronutrients present in the food to…

Q: Describe how α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate participate in amino acid catabolism.

A: Amino acid catabolism is a process, which helps in the synthesis of further new proteins and amino…

Q: ) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate?…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions with multiple subparts, we will solve the first question for…

Q: Muscle protein, fat, and glycogen are all reservoirs of energy. In what order are they used during a…

A: Fat metabolism is initiated when triglycerides that are ingested got broken down into small fatty…

Q: As early as the 1930s, it was known that frog muscles could still contract when glycolysis was…

A: carbohydrate metabolism was the fundamental biochemical process which supply energy continuous to…

Q: The dietary technique designed to increase the glycogen content in both the liver and muscles in an…

A: Glycogen is a type of carbohydrate that is stored in the muscles and liver of animals and humans. It…

Q: Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of shock. Explain why low oxygen levels promote lactate…

A: Lactic acidosis is the condition, in which the concentration of lactic acid exceeds above 4mmol per…

Q: race the fate of hydrogens removed from glucose during glycolysis when oxygen is present in muscle…

A: Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that breaks down glucose into two three-carbon compounds and…

Q: b) How does oxygen availability determine the fate of the glycolysis  pathway?

A: Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that is used by all cells for the oxidation of glucose for…