Multiple choice: Which of the following is false regarding mammals?   --Mammals evolved from the therapsid lineage of synapsid reptiles. --All mammals have seven cervical vertebrae, a four chambered heart, mammary glands and kidneys. --Some mammals are oviparous while others are viviparous. --All mammals have a cloaca but herbivorous mammals have a longer digestive tract than carnivorous animals. --All mammals have lungs, a complete digestive tract and they can hear with ears.

Humans are the only living primates which are primarily bipedal, list possible explanations of why humans became bipedal. How was bipedalism related to the evolutionary needs to survive and reproduce? Which of these explanations (if any) makes the most sense to you?

The ancestors of extant tetrapods first evolved the ability to live out of water over 350 million years ago. Which of the following had to have been true for natural selection to have favored the original evolution of limbs? A) Closely related lineages that remained in the ocean must have gone extinct. There must have been differences in survival and or/reproduction based on size, musculature, bones or other (B functional aspects of early limbs. Large predators must have been a major source of mortality for populations that spent more time in the water and less on land. The ability of some ancestral fish-tetrapod transitional forms to move from one body of water to another during D droughts must have led to decreased mortality. E There must have been less competition for food on land.

Describe the evolution of mammals, tracing their synapsid lineage from early amniote ancestors to true mammals. How would you distinguish pelycosaurs, early therapsids, cynodonts, and mammals?

What are HOX genes' role in lobe-finned fish to limbed tetrapod evolutionary transition?  -Please explain "how" HOX genes have influenced these limbs/appendages from an evolutionary standpoint. Thank you.

As we progress through evolutionary time in the animal kingdom, certain trends emerge. Which is NOT a general trend observable in animal evolution? A general trend towards having a true body cavity A general trend towards asexual reproduction A general trend towards increasing tissue and organ development A general trend towards increasing cephalization

Crocodylians such as crocodiles, have essentially remained unchanged for hundreds of millions of years true false

Compared to lissamphibians, _____ most amniotes are better adapted to aquatic lifestyles most amniotes have smaller adult body sizes most amniotes are better adapted to fully terrestrial lifestyles most amniotes lay smaller eggs that require less maternal resources to produce

Recent evidence suggests that the last common ancestor of birds and crocodylians was endornermic. False True

The AMNIOTES are a group of tetrapod vertebrates which lay their eggs on land or retain the fertilized egg within the mother. They include the following: egg-laying mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. mammals, birds and reptiles. none of the answers are correct. mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.