Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following statements best explains this situation? O The starling parents do not care for their young, reducing their fitness. O The ecosystem can only support two offspring, reducing the fitness of both populations. O The population of starlings have limited resources to care for their young. O The starlings have fewer habitat options and fewer offspring, reducing their fitness.

Space В. Space is another limiting factor for populations. Seagulls, for example, build nests on rocky shores. But the nesting shores get very crowded. If a pair does not find room to nest, they will not be able to add any offspring to the seagull population. So nesting space on the shore is a limiting factor for seagulls. If there is more nesting space, more seagulls will be able to nest, and the population would increase. Space is also a limiting factor for plants. The amount of space in which a plant grows determines whether the plant can get the sunlight, water, and soil nutrients it needs. For example, many small plants sprout each year in a forest. But as they grow the roots of those that are too close together run out of space and some of the plants will die. Branches from trees may block the sunlight the small plants need. Some of the small plants Wmight die, limiting the size of that plant population. 1. Why is nesting space so important to seagulls? Nesting space for seagulls…

Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-poms population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat red grassland

Ants form associations with many types of other insects that feed on the sap of plants.One of these types of insects is an Ecuadorian tree hopper. You think that theassociation between the ants and treehoppers might be a mutualism. Tree hoppersfeed on plants, and the ants feed on the “honeydew” that is excreted as waste by thetreehoppers. In return, the ants may protect the treehoppers from predators les and controls should follow from your methods.QUESTIONS1. Describe a set of methods for a manipulative experiment to test the hypothesis:a. is it a field or lab experiment?b. what are the treatments and how do they differ?c. how many replicates are there of each treatment?d. what are three standardized conditions of your treatments?e.What is the independent variable in your experiment (including any units inmetric)?f. What is the dependent variable in your experiment (including any units in metric)?g. Identify one control treatment in the experiment, and state if it is a positive…