Methods 1 GIow cels for seeral generations in medium that contains amino acids [2 Transferthe cells to a medium that contains amino acids labeled with a light isotope. labeled with a heavy isotope. Change medium Replication Isolate 3 Isolate histone ctamers before and after replication... Isolate octamers octamers 4..and subject them to dersity gradient centrifugation. Spin Spin 5 Newly synthesied octamers are less dense and thus will be Results higher in the tube. 6od octamers are dense and Single band; old octamers Broad band; octamers with mixture of old and new histones will move toward the bottom of the tube. with heavy amino acids (heavy and light amino acids)

Q: Living modified organism (LMO) is defined as any living organism that possesses a novel combination…

A: Living modified organism means an organism which genetic materials has been altered artificially…

Q: How is the DNA unwound at the replication fork? What effect does this have on the DNA upstream of…

A: DNA It is a double stranded helical structure present in almost all eukaryotic cell.

Q: he Meselson and Stahl experiment provided conclusive evidence for the semiconservative replication…

A: The objective of the question is to understand the expected results of the Meselson and Stahl…

Q: You conducted an experiment to determine the mechanism of DNA replication in the hypothetical…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double-stranded molecule, which consists of two strands of…

Q: The data below are from a DNAse-Seq experiment of chromosome 22. DNAse-seq is another method for…

A: The DNAse-Seq experiment is a method used to analyze chromatin organization by digesting regions of…

Q: What difficulties arise in the polymerase chain reaction if there is contamination of the DNA that…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a nucleic acid that composed of two polynucleotide chain that is…

Q: Describe briefly the five levels of DNA packaging in the nucleus. Explain two purposes of these many…

A: Introduction  DNA packing refers to the process by which the long, linear DNA molecules are packaged…

Q: The diagram below shows part of a DNA replication bubble. The template DNA strands are shown in dark…

A: Answer 1 : helicase Answer 2: RNA primerase Answer 3 : DNA polymerase 1 Answer 4: E Answer 5 :…

Q: Most prokaryotes have a circular chromosome, with no ends, so the shortening of DNA does not occur.…

A: To forestall the loss of genes as chromosome closes wear out, the tips of eukaryotic chromosomes…

Q: What is meant by a primer, and why are primers necessary for DNA replication?

A: Primers are short DNA or RNA sequences complementary to the existing DNA strands. Without a primer a…

Q: Why can’t a linear duplex DNA, such as that of bacteriophage T7, be fully replicated by just E.…

A: There are two replication systems present in organisms, namely linear DNA replication system and…

Q: How do we know that in vivo DNA synthesis occurs in the 5′ to 3′ direction?

A: Each deoxyribonucleic acid strand has 2 ends. The 5' end of the deoxyribonucleic acid is that the…

Q: If the DNA fragment encodes penicillin resistance, how could you experimentally distinguish between…

A: The DNA has to be integrated within the replicon of the cell.

Q: If the four deoxynucleotides showed nonspecific basepairing (A to C, A to G, T to G, and so on),…

A: Proof-reading is an integral part of the replication process. This process reduces the chances of…

Q: The telomeres of a linear chromosome are made of identical directly repeated DNA sequences. How does…

A: Telomeres:These are the special DNA caps in the eukaryotic chromosomes that prevent the loss of…

Q: Two pathways, homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), can repair…

A: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is one important pathway in eukaryotic cells responsible for the…

Q: Explain why telomeres and telomerase are needed for replication of eukaryotic chromosomes but not…

A: Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have their DNA packed in chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes are…

Q: onsider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT…

A: Answer.  Transcription is a process of the formation of transcript (RNA). It takes place by the…

Q: how the double-helical structure of DNA suggests a mechanism for DNA replication?

A: Prokaryotes DNA replication occurs in three steps Initiation- a) Recognition of the position for…

Q: Assume a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I…

A: The objective of the question is to understand the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication and…

Q: DNA repair processes use the old DNA strand as the template to repair mismatched bases on the newly…

A: The basis of evolution is mutation. Mutation is also the basis of natural selection. Considerable…

Q: How do the enzymes involved in the mismatch repair process determine which of the two bases in the…

A: DNA polymerases are the enzymes that build DNA in cells. During DNA replication (copying), most DNA…

Q: E. coli chromosomes in which every nitrogen atom is labeled (that is, every nitrogen atom is the…

A: Ans: The Meselson and Stahl are the scientist which worked to prove the mode of DNA replication and…

Q: The Meselson-Stahl experiment provided strong evidence that DNA replication was conservative, by…

A: The transmission of chromosomal DNA from generation to generation is crucial to cell propagation.…

Q: The template (antisense) strands of two complete (double-stranded) DNA molecules have the base…

A: Semiconservative replicationMatthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl provided the experiment which shows…

Q: What is meant by a primer, and why are primers necessary for DNA replication?

A: DNA replication produces new DNA molecules using the existing DNA strand as a template.

Q: Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT…

A: DNA replication is the process by which the DNA is copied in the cell to make up more number of DNA…

Q: Consider Figure 7, which illustrates a point in DNA synthesis for one end of a chromosome, after the…

A: DNA synthesis or DNA replication is a process where parental DNA makes two identical copies of…

Q: Matching Type Choose the directionality of the given process. (4 points) What is the directionality…

A: Directionality is the property of being directional or maintaining a direction in general terms.…

Q: What are the purposes of the 3’-5’ and 5’-3’ exonuclease activities of DNA polymerase I and why they…

A: DNA polymerase is an enzyme which catalyze the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand from an…

Q: A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. Assuming that the linker…

A: Nucleosomes are the structural units of DNA which are made up of the basic repeating subunits of…

Q: Which of the follwing enzymes adds incoming deoxyribonucleotid triphosphates to the 3' OH of the…

A: Deoxyribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of DNA.…

Q: During the resolution of the two Holliday junctions, how many strands of DNA in total are broken…

A: The Holliday junction is a branched cross-shaped nucleic acid structure. It is usually formed during…

Q: ow creating an artificial DNA replication system for your company's eukaryotic Design-a-CellÒ…

A: The Initiation and Completion of DNA Replication in Chromosomes We have perceived how a bunch of…

Q: In each of the illustrations below, a segment of a chromosome has two copies of a transposable…

A: The correct answer is: 2. Gene X - Gene Y - TE-A - TE-B - Gene ZHere's why:Homologous Recombination:…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.